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rlshindmarsh
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rlshindmarsh
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Breakdown of Philosophy

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Moral Truth
  
  • Belief in Platonic Forms : moral truth as God-independent transcendent truth, analogy with mathematical truths.
  • Moral elitism
  • Moral knowledge and weakness of will
  • Moral truth as based on natural facts
  • Open question argument
  • Naturalistic Fallacy
  • Moral truth as based on relational properties which provide reasons for action; the analogy with secondary properties.
Denial of Moral Truth 

Views
  • Relativism.
  • Distinction between descriptive and normative relativism
  • Emotivism
  • Prescriptivism
Moral Decisions
  • Utilitarianism
  • Deontology 
  • Virtue theory
Issues
  • the possibility of judging the abhorrent practices of other cultures/individuals
  • the possibility of moral progress and moral mistakes; the extent to which we can value what we like.
Issues
  • Is moral truth possible?
  • The possibility of agreement over moral truth
  • The extent to which such moral truths can motivate/justify action
Substance dualism
  • Cartesian, or substance, dualism
  • Solipsism
  • The problem of other minds 
  • Mind-body problem. 
• Responses to these problems: arguments against the possibility of starting from one’s own case,  how we learn to self-ascribe and whether there  could be a necessarily private language (such as  a language describing private mental states); the  argument from analogy and inference to the best  explanation; accounts of the relationship between  mind and body.
Moral Philosophy
Philosophy of Mind