Biology- chapter 3

Terms to know:-monosaccharides -disaccharide -polysaccharide

Storage polysaccharides-Starch > polymer of glucose molecules -Glycogen> polymer of glucose (like amylopectin but more branched)Structure polysaccharides -Cellulose> polysaccharide, IMPORTANT in cell walls -Chitin> carb used by insects. exoskeletons 

C arbonH ydrogenO xygenN itrogenP hosphorus

^organic compounds ( carbon skeletons) 

     CARBON can form up to 4 covalent bonds  has 6 protons

       FUNCTION:1) short term energy storage *get the energy by breaking the bonds*2) structural support (cellulose; plant cell wall)(chitin; fungal cell wall, exoskeleton)

LIPIDS

FATS

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

STEROIDS

Saturated: no double bonds Unsaturated: has double bonds in skeleton

*large molecules assembled by dehydration synthesis from smaller molecules (glycerol and fatty acids)

^ FATTY ACID

*only two fatty acids attached to glycerol 

Triglyceride/Triglycerol^

Carbon Skeleton of 4 fused rings 

*Different steroids are distinguished by the chemical groups attached

Cholesterol: crucial to animal cell membrane 

PROTEINS

AMINO ACIDS-   amino group and carboxyl          group -determine proteins function! 

Polypeptides- polymer of proteinCatalysts- chemical agent that speeds up chemical reactions

CARBOHYDRATES

NUCLEIC ACIDS

FUNCTION 

-Control synthesis of proteins    *PROTEINS DO EVERYTHING!-store genetic information 

Monomer: nucleotidePolymer: DNA & RNA (polynucleotides)

PYRIMIDINEadenineguanine

PURINEcytosinethymineuracil

-Provides directions for its own replication-Directs RNA synthesis 

DNA

RNA

-mRNA; messenger RNA conveys genetic instructions for building proteins

Dou

Double Helix Antiparallel: 5' 3' phosphate backbone 

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids