Pollination: Learning Outcomes

Learning outcomes Describe the main groups of flower-visiting insects. Demonstrate how to use identification keys. Discuss the contribution of components of nectar in the life histories of insects. Describe the biology of two groups of flower-visiting insects (bumblebees and hoverflies). Discuss the concept of pollination in relation to ecosystem services. Provide examples of convergent evolution in a group of vertebrate flower visitors. Summarise the movement behaviour of foraging flower visitors.