Introduction to perspectives and interrogative themes

DD307 - Block 1 Introduction. Video Clips - perspectivesSocial Psychoanalytic unconscious processes as important as conscious ones interior process - emotions and states of mind affect social world social and psychic together learning identities - girls not doing so well at mathematics working class in education - different to family, middle class in education - same as family research - qualitative and interpretative approach. deals with unconscious. interviews - associations between ideas.  sibling research - ethnicity race religion location class gender all affect internal processes siblings - important for identity construction. siblings in psychoanalytic theory - only emerge as rivalry and hate. oedipus complex from freud doesn't include siblings masculinity research - commonly called ‘girly’ or ‘gay’. african caribbean boys seen as most masculine. researcher made notes about how he felt during interview - interview dynamics. Splitting - defence mechanism, splits into ‘all good’ or ‘all bad’.   Projection - defence mechanism, defends from difficult knowledge about ourselves. e.g., hatred, envy, greed etc. projects feelings into object or other person, so can be punished.  Projective Identification - linked to projection, object is altered by projection.  Introjection - taking inside something from outside - e.g. qualities and emotions.  person seen as individual holistically but not decontextualised from environment. Ontology intersubjectivity unconscious motivations anxiety - defence mechanisms Methodology qualitative interpretative language unconscious motivations Methods sense-making narrative interviews conflicts and contradictions application of concepts  Unit of analysis interconnections - psychic world and social world whole interview, including field notes  Cognitive Social how is our mind structured by society? methods - lab experiments. controlled environment, cause and effect, manipulating variables. lab experiments - need ethical approval, e.g. deception and debrief methods - field experiments. close to normal environment Ontology social cognition - limited cognitive resources social identity - socialised thinker Methodology quantitative test theory based hypothesis standard statistical techniques Methods laboratory experiments field experiments surveys and questionnaires case studies observational methods Unit of analysis the individual social context interactionist individuals cognitions  Phenomenological lived experience - what it means to be human research - describe peoples experiences.  research about gay parents - used interviews, identified common themes. epoche - with no preconceptions  horizontalize - no hierarchy of meanings researchers - co-producing findings lived time and space - experience of environment and ‘time’. seek to describe experiences rather than analyse Ontology actions in the world embodied way in relation to others ‘verb-like’ Dasein Methodology qualitative peoples perceptions of the world ‘things in their appearing’ experience ambiguity of the lived world Methods peoples lived experiences phenomenological analysis reflexively themes rich detail Unit of analysis perceptions of experience embodied relational quality rich and vivid descriptions of the lifeworld  Discursive psychological focuses on talk and how we use it to make things happen making sense and constructing meaning research - kinds of talk produced in groups. discourse analysis. interpretative repertoire - common sense of ways we make sense of social world, available stereotypes. subject positions - availability ways to categorising positions within interpretative repertoire ideological dilemmas - can be contradictory, can shift opinions with repertoire. research - analysed racial talk. interviewed ‘white’ people in New Zealand Ontology discourse and social practices Methodology qualitative objects and events talk and text existing cultural discourses Methods discourse resources and processes conversations, workplace interactions, interviews, texts ways people use discourse resources Unit of analysis what people say and how they say it actions performed cultural discourse resources talk or text interpretative repertoires, subject positions and ideological dilemmas DD307 - Block 1 Introduction. Video Clips - interrogative themesSituated knowledges no context free knowledge knowledge is situated in time and place knowledge changes with social change values, beliefs, cultural differences Power relations apparent within all interactions ongoing processes that can have positive or negative effects people can have power in different contexts - e.g. children take power in public when knowing parents cannot retaliate  Individual-society dualism individual actions vs. social influences dichotomy - cannot focus on one without the other Agency-structure dualism people either determine own life course or by social structurescannot polarise them, both important within social psychologyEXAMPLE - boys don't cry individual-society dualism.  biological - males cry less? social - learn not to cry because of consequences, eg bullying agency-structure dualism - can they choose to cry or not to cry? part of masculinity to not cry, how do they control crying? situated knowledge - not a claim within every society and time power relations - boys not crying, power over girls that do cry. criticised for not showing emotions and can reduce power. 

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