9450338
Description
GYNECOLOGY-5-
- Anatomy and the female pelvic organ
- External genitalia
- MLLCVP
- MLLCVP
- internal genitalia
- VUFO
- Vagina
- fibromusculomembranous sheath
- between uterine cavity & exterior at the vulva= excretory channel
- birth canal of parturition
- walls
- Anterior wall=7 cm
- 2 lateral walls
- posterior wall=9 com
- Anterior wall=7 cm
- fornices
- 4 fornices
- anterioral
- posterior
- 2 lateral
- anterioral
- high amount of glycogen in fornix =2.5-3 mg
- 4 fornices
- Relations
- anterior
- bladder & urethra
- bladder & urethra
- posterior
- pouch of douglas , anterial rectal wall & anal canal
- pouch of douglas , anterial rectal wall & anal canal
- lateral
- pelvic celluar tissue
- levator ani & bulbocavernosus muscles
- Vestibular bulbs & bartholin's glands
- pelvic celluar tissue
- Structures
- Epithelium
- under action of sex hormones =stratified sq. epithelium at birth up to 10-14 days
- prepuberty and in postmenopause = epithelium become thin,few layers only
- puberty till menopause= stratified sq. epithelium +3 cells ( basal , intermediate and superficial cornified cells)
- under action of sex hormones =stratified sq. epithelium at birth up to 10-14 days
- Epithelium
- anterior
- secretion
- vagina secretion is very small in ammount
- little excess in mid menstrual ,menstruation & during pregnancy &sexual excitement
- vaginal secretion derived from=
- glands of cervix
- uterus
- transudation of vaginal epithelium
- Bartholin's glands(during sexual excitment)
- glands of cervix
- PH of vaginal secretions
- acidic and varies during life and menstrual cycle
- convertion of glycogen into lactic acid by the Doderlein's bacilli is depending on oestrogen
- the highest glycogen in vaginal fornix=2.5-3mg /the
lowest in lower third =0.6-0.9mg
- Doderlein's bacillus= propably comes from the intestine
Annotations:
- وجود هذه البكتريا مرتبط بوجود هرمون الاستروجين فمن دونه لاحموضه ولا لاكتك اسد
- ph acidic prevent growth of the other pathogenic organism
- Doderlein's bacillus= propably comes from the intestine
- appear after birth =3-4days
- disappears after 10-14 days
- puberty
- puberty
- menopause
- the highest glycogen in vaginal fornix=2.5-3mg /the
lowest in lower third =0.6-0.9mg
- PH=higher in upper vagina because of contaminated cervica secretion (alkaline).
- acidic and varies during life and menstrual cycle
- Tissue fluid ,epithelial debris, some leucocytes , electrolytes,protiens and lactic acid (0.75 percent concentration)
- vagina secretion is very small in ammount
- Nerves & Blood supply of vagina
- arteries
- 1- cervicovaginal branch of the uterine artery
- 2- vaginal artery
- 3- middle rectal artery
- 4- internal pudendal artery
- anastomose with another and form =2 azygos arteries (anterior & posterior)
- 1- cervicovaginal branch of the uterine artery
- veins
- 1- internal iliac vein
- 2- internal pudendal veins
- 1- internal iliac vein
- Nerves
- sympathetic & parasympathetic from pelvic plexis
- lower part = pudendal nerve
- sympathetic & parasympathetic from pelvic plexis
- arteries
- fibromusculomembranous sheath
- THE UTERUS (8
cm)
- hollow pyriform muscular organ
- between bladder (front) and rectum(behind)
- position
- anteversion & anteflexion
- uterus inclines to the right = (dextrorotation)
- cervix is direct to the left = (levorotation) and comes in close relation with the left ureter.
- uterus inclines to the right = (dextrorotation)
- anteversion & anteflexion
- measurements & parts
- long =8 cm ,wide =5 cm ,walls=1.25 cm thick ,weight =50-80 gm
- long =8 cm ,wide =5 cm ,walls=1.25 cm thick ,weight =50-80 gm
- Body or corpus
- Fondus= between opening of uterin tubes
- Body= between the opening of the tubes and isthmus
- cornua of the uterus = round ligament,ovary ligament &uterine tube attached each cornu
- Isthmus (0.5 cm)
- ismthus =between body & cervix
- isthmus =limited by above anatomical internal os / below histological internal os (aschoff)
- some consider isthmus as apart of the lower portion of the body of the uterus
- Cervix (2.5 cm)
- lowermost part of the uterus
- from histological internal os and ends at external os =opens into the vagina
- cavity (3.5 cm)
- cavity of uterus is triangular on coronal section ( base above & apex below)
- no cavity in founds
- cervical canal is fusiform and measures =2.5 cm
- normal length of the uterine cavity with cervical canal =6-7 cm
- cavity of uterus is triangular on coronal section ( base above & apex below)
- cylindrical in shape =2.5 in length and diameter
- In nulliparous
- Vaginal part of cervix is conical with the external os looking circular
- Vaginal part of cervix is conical with the external os looking circular
- In parous
- Vaginal part of cervix is cylindrical with external os having bilateral slits
- Vaginal part of cervix is cylindrical with external os having bilateral slits
- In nulliparous
- cervix parts= supravaginal part (1.25) & vaginal part(1.25 cm)
- lowermost part of the uterus
- ismthus =between body & cervix
- Fondus= between opening of uterin tubes
- Relations
- anteriorly
- above internal os =body form the posterior wall of the uterovesical pouch / below internal os base of bladder by loose areolar tissue
- above internal os =body form the posterior wall of the uterovesical pouch / below internal os base of bladder by loose areolar tissue
- laterally
- double folds of peritonium of the broad ligament attached laterally between which the uterine artery ascends up
- attachment of mackenrodt's ligament extends from the internal os down to the supravaginal cervix and lateral vaginal wall
- about 1.5 cm away at the level of internal os ,at left side is crosssing of the uterine artery and the ureter
- uterine artery crosses from above and in front of the uretersoon before the ureter enters the ureteric tunnel
- double folds of peritonium of the broad ligament attached laterally between which the uterine artery ascends up
- posteriorly
- covered with peritoneum and form the anteriorr wall of the pouch of douglas containing coils of intestine.
- covered with peritoneum and form the anteriorr wall of the pouch of douglas containing coils of intestine.
- anteriorly
- structures
- body (3 layers )
- perimetrium
- myometrium
- 3 distinct layers can be identified during pregnancy =outer longitudinal ,middle interlacing and the inner circular
- 3 distinct layers can be identified during pregnancy =outer longitudinal ,middle interlacing and the inner circular
- endometrium
- all components are changed during menstral cycles
- endometrium changed to decidua during pregnancy
- all components are changed during menstral cycles
- perimetrium
- cervix
- epithelial lining of the cervix
- portio vaginalis
- changes with level of oestrogen
- irritated not only by hormone but also by infection and trauma
- more chance to get = sever dysplasioa , carcinoma in situ , invasive carcinoma
- changes with level of oestrogen
- epithelial lining of the cervix
- secretion
- endometrium secretion
- changed with menstrual cycle and pregnancy
- changed with menstrual cycle and pregnancy
- cervical glands (ph=7.8)
- fructose has got nutritive function to the spermatozoa
- under oestrogenic stimulation=glycoprotein network is arranged parallel to each other thus facilitating sperm ascent.
- progesterone produces interlacing bridges thereby preventing sperm penetration
- fructose has got nutritive function to the spermatozoa
- pelvic peritonium in relation to the uterus
- neves and blood supply of the uterus
- arteries
- uterian rtery
- another source=ovarian artery & vaginal arteies to which the =uterine arteries anastomose
- uterian rtery
- veins
- uterine vein
- drain into internal iliac veins
- drain into internal iliac veins
- uterine vein
- nerves
- principally from =sympathetic system
- T5 , T6 (motor) // T10 , L1 spinal segments (sensory)
- area of abdomen
- area of abdomen
- T5 , T6 (motor) // T10 , L1 spinal segments (sensory)
- partly from= parasympathetic system
- pelvic nerve which consists of both motor and sensory fibers from S2,S3,S4
- End of ganglia of frankenhauser which lie on either sides of the cervix
- pelvic nerve which consists of both motor and sensory fibers from S2,S3,S4
- principally from =sympathetic system
- changes of uterus with age
- at birth
- child birth
- puberty
- menopause
- position of uterus
- antevertion 90
- anteflexion 120
- antevertion 90
- at birth
- arteries
- neves and blood supply of the uterus
- endometrium secretion
- body (3 layers )
- hollow pyriform muscular organ
- fallopian tubes (uterin tube) 10cmL/1mmD
- Fallopian tube parts
- interstatitial (intamural)
- isthmus 2.5LD
- ampulla-tortuous part 5cm
- infundibulum 1.25 cm L/6mmD
- interstatitial (intamural)
- structures of fallopian tube
- serous
- muscular (outer= longitudinal /inner= circular)
- mucous membrane(longitudinal folds)
- لاتوجد اي غدد في هذه الطبقه
- لاتوجد اي غدد في هذه الطبقه
- serous
- function of fallopian tube
- transport of gametes
- to facilititae fertilization
- survival of zygote throughit secretion
- transport of gametes
- nerves and blood supply of fallopian tube
- arteries
- uterian a. & ovarian a.
- uterian a. & ovarian a.
- veins
- pampiniform plexus into the ovarian veins
- pampiniform plexus into the ovarian veins
- nerves
- uterian & ovarian nerves
- uterian & ovarian nerves
- arteries
- Fallopian tube parts
- ovaries 3 cm l, 2 cm in breath , 1 cm in thicked
- Germ cell maturation ,storage and it's release
- Steroidogenesis
- Relations of ovary
- Structures
- During puperty to menopause
- primordial follicles
- maturing follicles
- Graafian follicles
- Corpus luteum
- CORPUS ALBICANS
- primordial follicles
- Germ cell maturation ,storage and it's release
- special instrument for inspection
- Vagina
- VUFO
- female urethra 4 cm L /6 mmD
- Relations
- Glands
- sphincters
- Involuntary internal sphincter
- voluntary muscles and the fibers
- Sphincter urethra in the urogenital diaphram
- Involuntary internal sphincter
- blood supply
- applied anatomy
- Relations
- External genitalia
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