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Cell division, diversity
and organisation
- Mitosis
- Cell cycle consists of cell growth call
interphase, and cell division called
mitosis
- During interphase, genetic material is
copied and checked for errors, if there are
errors the cell will kill itself to prevent
mutations
- During interphase, genetic material is
copied and checked for errors, if there are
errors the cell will kill itself to prevent
mutations
- Interphase: Genetic material is
unravelled and copied and
organelles are are replicated
- Prophase: Chromosome condense,
short and fat. Centrioles move to
opposite ends and form the spindle.
Nuclear envelope breaks down and
chromosomes are in cytoplasm
- Metaphase:
Chromosomes
line up along the
middle and are
attached by the
spindle.
- Anaphase: Centromeres
divide and seperate the
sister chromatids. Spindles
contract pulling the
centromere first/
- Telophase:Nuclear envelope
forms around the group of
chromosome and cytoplasm
divides.
- Cell cycle consists of cell growth call
interphase, and cell division called
mitosis
- Division and reproduction
- Budding in yeast (asexual)
- A bud forms at the surface, it
undergoes interphase then mitosis.
It then seperates from the the
parent cell.
- A bud forms at the surface, it
undergoes interphase then mitosis.
It then seperates from the the
parent cell.
- Meiosis creates genetically different
cells. They start off with the full number
of chromosomes but end up with half.
- Homologous pair:
One maternal and
one paternal,
same size and
same genes
- Budding in yeast (asexual)
- Stem cells and differentiation
- Stem cells are
unspecialised cells that can
develop into any type of cell
- Cells in bone marrow
can differentiate to
produce erythrocytes
and neutrophils.
- Cells in cambium
differentiate into xylem
and phloem
- Cells in cambium
differentiate into xylem
and phloem
- Animal cells
- Neutrophils
- Eythrocytes
- Epithelial cells
- Sperm cells
- Neutrophils
- Plant cells
- Palisade
mesophyll cells
- Root hair cells
- Guard cells
- Palisade
mesophyll cells
- Stem cells are
unspecialised cells that can
develop into any type of cell
- Tissues, organs, systems
- Squamous Epithelium
- Single layer of flat cells
lining a surface
- Single layer of flat cells
lining a surface
- Xylem tissue
- Transports water and
supports the plant
- Transports water and
supports the plant
- Phloem tissue
- Transports sugars,
contains sieve cells,
companion cells and
plant cells. End walls
called sieve plates
- Transports sugars,
contains sieve cells,
companion cells and
plant cells. End walls
called sieve plates
- Ciliated epithelium
- Layer of cells
covered in cilia.
- Layer of cells
covered in cilia.
- Similar cells make a
tissue. Different tissues
make an organ and
different organs make an
organ system.
- System of cooperation;
transport system and
communication system
- Squamous Epithelium
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