DURKHEIM 2

DURKHEIM 2

Feelings, moral rules and the common conscience
1. Thinkings and feelings are always moral
  1. Moral - broad term meaning a whole range of emotions that constrain what people do
  2. Moral rules work as moral imperatives
    1. Why we do things we may not want to do
      1. e.g. Wearing tight corsets to create the hour glass figure
      2. Drinking alcohol
    2. So powerful because society is so much bigger than us
    3. Obligations of society are so dominant
    4. Weight of public opinion - make us do things
    5. Circularity in the relationships
      1. The relationship makes the society and the society makes the feelings which make the consciences which make the relationships
Social Facts
1. The existence of social realities outside of the individual
2. Also, exist before the individual
3. They are things and not ideas - they have physical substance
4. Healthy societies - normal
5. Unhealthy societies - pathological - social conditions deviate
Crime
1. Offends strong and defined states of the collective consciousness
2. What counts as criminal is relative to the shared dominant beliefs in society
3. A thief is a thief because of how those actions relate to commonly held ideas about the ownership of property
4. Crime is present in all societies of all types and is normal
  1. Integral part of all healthy societies
  2. Crime is functional - allows societies to reaffirm the values of the common conscience
  3. Necessary to progress
    1. Evolution - Gay marriage is now accepted when it was not previously
Punishment
1. Mechanical solidarity
  1. Penal laws
  2. Repressive sanctions
  3. Inflict harm
  4. Reinforce the common conscience
2. Organic solidarity
  1. Contract law
  2. Restitutive sanctions
  3. Punishment fits the crime
  4. Regulates relationships
  5. Aims to restore life to how it was before the crime
Suicide
1. Social phenomenon not an individual one
  1. Social suicide rate
    1. Quota depends on society structure
      1. The rate is a social fact that can be observed
        Hence, suicide is normal
2. Some suicide is normal
3. Four types
  1. Egotistic
    1. Fewer attachments to society
  2. Anomic
    1. Society that does not put enough constraints on an individual
      1. Aspire to things they may not be able to achieve
      2. Anomie
        De-moralisation
        Break down in social bonds
        Mismatch of norms of society with norms of an individual
  3. Altruistic
    1. Suicide for the good of society - such a strong bond
  4. Fatalistic
    1. So many constraints that they see little point continuing
4. Level of suicide is related to the level of social integration
  1. Unmarried people committed suicide more than married
  2. People without children committed more
  3. People committed suicide more during economic recession and boom
Religion
1. System of beliefs
2. Forbids certain ways of acting
3. Separation between sacred and profane things
4. We created religions
  1. Idea of God was used to describe Society
Moral individualism
1. Worked that a break down in religious solidarity would lead to individualism

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	Created by R N almost 8 years ago