Sewell- Hyper masculine culture,
imitation of black rappers, get rich
quick selling drugs
Nightingale- 'Paradox of inclusion', deviant
subcultures emerge because they can't be part
of the mainstream culture. They were rejected
and marginalised. Can't achieve through legal
means
Bourgois- Anguish of growing up poor. Deviant practices become the
norm million dollar industry on their doorsteps
Institutional racism- racism occurring within institutions,
for example the police, embedded racial discriminatory
practices.
More severe punishments
Excessive force/ Police brutality
Mishandling of cases, Stephen Lawrence
Hall- racism within the police force, criminalisation of
the black community by the media. Led to ethnic
minorities being over represented in crime stats
Blom-Cooper and Drabble- black people more likely to be
charged with more serious forms of the offence than whites
Hood- Black people more likely
to receive custodial sentences