7334934
Description
Mind Map by Amandeep Uppal, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Amandeep Uppal
almost 8 years ago
|
|
Bolshevik Consolidation of Power
- New Economic
Policy
- 1921: Lenin & the Bolsheviks were on the edge of
disaster- with the civil war over, workers and
peasants expected to see an improvement in their
standard of living & an end to wartime policies
- However, by the spring of 1921, economic conditions had
deteriorated & there was open revolt against the Bolshevik
government
- Lenin was forced into making economic concessions in
his NEP to ensure the survival of the regime. The
economy recovered & the Bolsheviks were reprieved.
- The NEP was accompanied by political repression & a
strengthening of the centralised 1-party state.
- The NEP was accompanied by political repression & a
strengthening of the centralised 1-party state.
- Lenin was forced into making economic concessions in
his NEP to ensure the survival of the regime. The
economy recovered & the Bolsheviks were reprieved.
- However, by the spring of 1921, economic conditions had
deteriorated & there was open revolt against the Bolshevik
government
- Key
features of
the NEP
- Grain
requisitioning
abolished
- Peasants had to give a fixed proportion of their grain to
the state, but the amount that they had to hand over
was much less than the amounts taken by
requisitioning. They could sell any surpluses on the open
market.
- Peasants had to give a fixed proportion of their grain to
the state, but the amount that they had to hand over
was much less than the amounts taken by
requisitioning. They could sell any surpluses on the open
market.
- Small
businesses
reopened
- Small-scale
businesses under
private
ownership=
allowed to reopen
& make a profit
- Included businesses
like small workshops
& factories that made
products such as
shoes, nails & clothes.
- Lenin realised that
peasants wouldn't
sell their produce
unless their were
goods that they
wanted on sale.
- Lenin realised that
peasants wouldn't
sell their produce
unless their were
goods that they
wanted on sale.
- Small-scale
businesses under
private
ownership=
allowed to reopen
& make a profit
- Ban on
private
trade
removed
- Meant that food & goods could flow
more easily between the countryside
& the towns.
- Privately owned shops
were reopened
- Rationing was abolished & people had
to buy food & goods from their own
income
- Meant that food & goods could flow
more easily between the countryside
& the towns.
- State control
of heavy
industry
- The state kept
control of
large-scale heavy
industries like
coal, steel & oil
- The state
also retained
control of
transport &
the banking
system
- Industry was organised into trusts that they
had to buy materials & pay their workers from
their own budgets. If they failed to manage
their budgets efficiently, they couldn't expect
the state to bail them out
- The state kept
control of
large-scale heavy
industries like
coal, steel & oil
- ROTCOM ( Requisitioning
stopped, Ownership of
small businesses allowed,
Trade ban lifted,
COMmanding heights of
industry with state
- Grain
requisitioning
abolished
- 1921: Lenin & the Bolsheviks were on the edge of
disaster- with the civil war over, workers and
peasants expected to see an improvement in their
standard of living & an end to wartime policies
- Immediate
Consolidation 1918
- Establishing
One-Party
Control
- The Second
All- Russian
Congrees of
25th October
1917
- Trotsky was able to
manipulate a walk
out of all the
non-Bolshevik
parties
- (Mensheviks and Social
Dermocrats who felt
that the Bolshevik
takeover was illegal)
- left the Bolsheviks
in a clear majority
- allowed Trotsky to claim the Bolsheviks=
taking power in the name of the Soviets &
honouring the pledge of "all power to the
Soviets"
- allowed Trotsky to claim the Bolsheviks=
taking power in the name of the Soviets &
honouring the pledge of "all power to the
Soviets"
- (Mensheviks and Social
Dermocrats who felt
that the Bolshevik
takeover was illegal)
- Trotsky was able to
manipulate a walk
out of all the
non-Bolshevik
parties
- Sovnarkom
- The Council of the People's Commissar's
- =the main instrument of
government
- dominated by the
Bolsheviks
- the Bolsheviks passed decrees
and other measures through
Sovnarkom to establish control
& order whilst the remainder
of Russia=gradually brought
under Bolshevik control
- Land Decree
- gave peasants the right to take over land and estates of the elites
- land= no longer bought or rented- it belonged to the entire people
- gave peasants the right to take over land and estates of the elites
- Workers' Control Decree
- worker pressure for reform led to factory committees
controlling production, labour and finance
- worker pressure for reform led to factory committees
controlling production, labour and finance
- Rights of the People of
Russia Decree
- self-determination for national minorities within Russia
- self-determination for national minorities within Russia
- Nationalisation of banks
- Opposition press banned
- Arrest of key political opponents
- Politburo 1919
- group of about 7 top communists
- rapidly took precedence over the Sovnarkom
- group of about 7 top communists
- Land Decree
- the Bolsheviks passed decrees
and other measures through
Sovnarkom to establish control
& order whilst the remainder
of Russia=gradually brought
under Bolshevik control
- The Council of the People's Commissar's
- Constituent Assembly
- calls for
democratically
elected govt. in
Russia
- problem because Lenin & the
Bolsheviks as they had no desire
to share power with others.
- had to hold elections otherwise they'd be
accused of being autocratic & dictorial
- had to hold elections otherwise they'd be
accused of being autocratic & dictorial
- problem because Lenin & the
Bolsheviks as they had no desire
to share power with others.
- November 1918
- elections for the
Constituent
Assembly held
- Lenin= concerned by the
results of the election
- determined that the Bolsheviks should rule alone
- aware that other parties may not be willing to work with them
- Mensheviks, S.Rs & other socialists didn't want the
Bolsheviks to rule on their own, preferred more power to the
Soviets in democratically elected & open bodies
- As the Sovnarkom passed decrees throughout the
remainder of 1917, it became clear that they were
bypassing the Soviet.
- The Constituent Assembly therefore showed it be a
serious threat as it represented theresults of free
electionns & therefore the views of the people
- The Constituent Assembly therefore showed it be a
serious threat as it represented theresults of free
electionns & therefore the views of the people
- As the Sovnarkom passed decrees throughout the
remainder of 1917, it became clear that they were
bypassing the Soviet.
- Mensheviks, S.Rs & other socialists didn't want the
Bolsheviks to rule on their own, preferred more power to the
Soviets in democratically elected & open bodies
- aware that other parties may not be willing to work with them
- determined that the Bolsheviks should rule alone
- Lenin= concerned by the
results of the election
- elections for the
Constituent
Assembly held
- calls for
democratically
elected govt. in
Russia
- The Second
All- Russian
Congrees of
25th October
1917
- Establishing
One-Party
Control
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