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Transport in plants
- xylem
- xylem vessels move water from the
roots of a plant to their leaves
- water is absorbed through root hair cells
- water is transported through the xylem vessels, up the stem, to the leaves
- water evaporates from the leaves
- transpiration
- transpiration
- xylem vessels consist on dead cells. They have a thick,
strengthened cellulose wall with a hollow lumen
- xylem vessels move water from the
roots of a plant to their leaves
- Phloem
- phloem consists of columns of living cells
- phloem vessels are involved in translocation.
- (translocation is the transport of dissolved material within a plant)
- (translocation is the transport of dissolved material within a plant)
- the movement of food substances from the
stems to growing tissues and storage tissues
- phloem transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
- phloem consists of columns of living cells
- Adaptations
- A healthy plant must balance its water loss
from the leaves with its uptake of water through
the roots. Transpiration provides plants with
water for:
- Cooling
- Photosynthesis
- Support
- Movement of minerals
- Cooling
- root hair cells = larger surface area to take up water by osmosis
- not enough water = flaccid + wilting
- the structure of the leaf is adapted to reduce excessive water loss:
- They have a waxy cuticle
- only a small amount of stomata on the upper
surface
- guard cells around the stomata
- They have a waxy cuticle
- when it's really bright and there's lots of water then the plant changes:
- chloroplasts make sugars at a higher rate
- waters enters the guard cells from other cells via osmosis
- the guard cells become turgid
- the stomatal opening gets bigger
- chloroplasts make sugars at a higher rate
- A healthy plant must balance its water loss
from the leaves with its uptake of water through
the roots. Transpiration provides plants with
water for:
- transpiration
- water moves against gravity in xylem cells
- water on the surface of spongy and palisade cells evaporates and diffuses out of the leaf
- more water is drawn up through the continuous tube (xylem);
producing a flow of water + dissolved minerals from roots to leaves
- more water is drawn up through the continuous tube (xylem);
producing a flow of water + dissolved minerals from roots to leaves
- when water is scarce or the roots are damaged, the transpiration rate slows down
- plants then wilt
- plants then wilt
- factors that affect
transpiration:
- light intensity
- transpiration increases
when it is bright
- the stomata open wider to
allow more carbon dioxide in
for photosynthesis
- transpiration increases
when it is bright
- humidity
- transpiration is slower when it is humid
- the water concentration is already high
outside so water won't diffuse out
- transpiration is slower when it is humid
- wind
- transpiration is faster when it is windy
- water vapour is moved quickly by air
movement, speeding up diffusion
- transpiration is faster when it is windy
- temperature
- transpiration in faster when it is hot
- transpiration in faster when it is hot
- light intensity
- water moves against gravity in xylem cells
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