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Identify the main political opponents and key individuals to autocracy

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The opponents of Alexander II and III from 1855-1894. Aims, methods, suporters and achievements by 1881.
Declan Wiseman
Mind Map by Declan Wiseman, updated more than 1 year ago
Declan Wiseman
Created by Declan Wiseman over 8 years ago
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Identify the main political opponents and key individuals to autocracy
  1. Liberal intelligentsia
    1. Aims
      1. Westernisers
        1. Slavophiles
          1. Modernisation
          2. Supporters
            1. Turgenev-Westerniser
              1. Tolstoy Slavophile
              2. Methods
                1. Zemstvo
                  1. Encourage members to think nationally
                    1. 1891 Famine, so had to help poor
                    2. Turgenev's plays/novels such as "A Sportman's sketches" helped to oppose serfdom
                    3. Achievements by 1881
                      1. Their beliefs very much akin to A2's
                        1. Loris Melikov would have been accepted if alive
                        2. Show they can help run country
                      2. Populists- Narodniks
                        1. Aims
                          1. Develop peasant commune, develop Russia
                          2. Supporters
                            1. Nobles/intelligentsia, peasants disliked it
                            2. Methods
                              1. "Going to the people" REVOLUTIONISE PEASANTRY
                                1. Lavrov 1864, 1877 2000 people to travel into country to educate peasants
                                  1. Dress like peasants, integrate
                                    1. Exploit disgruntled peasants lack of land/redemption tax
                                      1. Mikhail Romas- sells fruit and veg for cheap
                                    2. Achievements by 1881
                                      1. 1600 arrested
                                        1. Peasants too conservative, too much rever for Tsar
                                        2. Radicals taken away from underground meetings and out into countryside
                                          1. Giving gov awareness of depth of feeling of opponents
                                      2. Populists- Land and Liberty
                                        1. Achievements by 1881
                                          1. TPW: Assassinated General Mezemtsev head of 3rd section 1878
                                            1. Assassinate A2 1881
                                            2. Zemstvo and LaL org talks to pressure autoc for constit reform
                                            3. Methods
                                              1. Black Rep- Peaceful
                                                1. Built relations with students/workers, published radical material for social change
                                                  1. Lead by Georgi Plekhanov
                                                  2. People's Will- Violent
                                                    1. Planted spy in Third Section
                                                      1. Assassinated gov officials
                                                        1. 1879- Tsar had to go unless consitution
                                                          1. Lead by Alexandr Mikhailov
                                                        2. Supporters
                                                          1. Professional/skilled classes
                                                          2. Aims
                                                            1. People's Will- remove Tsar
                                                              1. Pressure autocracy into consitutional reform
                                                                1. Develop peasants develop Russia
                                                                  1. Black Repartition
                                                                    1. Share/partition black soil provinces among peasantry
                                                                2. QUOTE
                                                                  1. "A clique of dedicated professionals" is needed for revolution according to Sixmith
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