5210573
Description
1_CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- FUNCTIONS OF THE
BLOOD
- Transport gasses e.g.
oxygen & CO2
- Distributes nutrients e.g.
proteins/lipids/carbohydrates
- Transport
metabolic waste
- Delivers enzymes & hormones
e.g Adrenaline
- Regulate pH &
Electrolytes e.g. salts
- Defends body against toxins
& pathogens
- Regulate body
temperature
- Restricts fluid loss through
damaged vessels
- Transport gasses e.g.
oxygen & CO2
- COMPOSITION OF
BLOOD
- Blood cells =
45%
- Plasma =
55%
- Blood cells =
45%
- TYPES OF BLOOD
CELLS
- Ethrocytes =
red cells
- Thrombocytes =
platelets
- Leukocytes =
white cells
- Ethrocytes =
red cells
- TYPES OF BLOOD
VESSELS
- Arteries
- Arterioles (small
artery)
- Carry blood away
from heart
- Oxygenated
blood
- High
pressure
- Thick muscular
elastic walls
- 3 layers
thick
- 3 layers
thick
- Expand & accommodate increase
blood volume
- Arterioles (small
artery)
- Veins
- Venules (small
veins)
- Carry blood to
heart
- Deoxygenated
blood
- Valves
present
- Lower
pressure
- Thin elastic
walls
- 2 layers
thick
- 2 layers
thick
- Venules (small
veins)
- Capillaries
- Smallest
vessel
- Extremely
narrow
- 1 layer
thick
- Carry blood from
artery to vein
- Pressure is
low
- Flow of blood
slow
- Gaseous exchange &
nutrients occur
- Smallest
vessel
- Heart
- Arteries
- HEART
WALL
- Pericardium
- Outer
layer
- Blood lymph capillaries &
nerve fibres
- Outer
layer
- Myocardium
- Thin middle
layer
- Cardiac muscle
tissue
- Thin middle
layer
- Endocardium
- Inner
layer
- Forms part of valves
in heart
- Inner
layer
- Pericardium
- HEART
CHAMBERS
- Left
Atrium
- Left
Ventricle
- Right
Atrium
- Right
Ventricle
- Left
Atrium
- SYSTOLE
- 1. Contraction of
heart muscle
- 2. Atria relax &
expands
- 3. Semi lunar
valve open
- 4. Tricuspid & Bicuspid
valve closed
- 5. ventricles
contract
- 6. Blood flows to
lungs & body
- 1. Contraction of
heart muscle
- DIASTOLE
- Relaxation of heart
muscle
- 1. Atria
contracts
- 2. Semi lunar
valve closed
- 3. Tricuspid & Bicuspid
valves open
- 4. Ventricles relax &
expand
- 5. Blood flows from atria to
ventricles
- Relaxation of heart
muscle
- HEART
BEAT
- Myogenic
- Inilated from within
heart muscle
- Inilated from within
heart muscle
- Automatic nerve system
in control
- Cardiac control centre influence cerebrum
& hypothalamus
- Be stimulated or inhibited by
nerve impulses
- Release of adrenaline from adrenal
medulla is control factor
- Myogenic
- SA
NODE
- Located in wall of right atria
near vena cava
- Determines
heartbeat
- Initiate
heartbeat
- Usually keeps
heartbeat regular
- Automatic excitation pulse
every 0.85 sec
- Cause artria to
contract
- If SA fails, heart still beats
but slower
- (Sinoatrial)
- Located in wall of right atria
near vena cava
- AV
NODE
- Located base of right artria
near septum
- Neuromuscular
tissue
- Signals ventricles to
contract
- Sends impulses to bundle
of His
- Then throughout
ventricular walls
- Then throughout
ventricular walls
- Wave of excitation conducted along
purkinje fibres
- (Atrioventricular)
- Located base of right artria
near septum
- ECG
- Measures electrical
activity
- Consists of
waves
- P
- Movement from SA to
AV node
- Movement from SA to
AV node
- QRS
- Movement down centre
across ventricle
- Movement down centre
across ventricle
- T
- ventricle
repolarisation
- ventricle
repolarisation
- P
- Detects abnormal
heartbeats
- Arrhythmia = abnormal
heart rhythm
- Fibrillation = Heart beating rapidly &
contractions uncoordinated
- Measures electrical
activity
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