3928642
Description
Mind Map by Megan Falconer, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Megan Falconer
over 8 years ago
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Division & Differentiation in Human Cells
- What is Differentiation?
- During embryological development the unspecialised stem
cells of the early embryo differentiate into cells with
specialised functions
- During embryological development the unspecialised stem
cells of the early embryo differentiate into cells with
specialised functions
- What are Stem Cells?
- Stem cells are unspecialised somatic cells that
can divide to make copies of themselves & can
differentiate into specialised cells of one or more
types
- Stem cells are unspecialised somatic cells that
can divide to make copies of themselves & can
differentiate into specialised cells of one or more
types
- How do Embryonic Stem Cells work?
- Cells of the very early embryo, differentiate into
all the cell types that make up an organism.
They are said to be pluripotent.
- Cells of the very early embryo, differentiate into
all the cell types that make up an organism.
They are said to be pluripotent.
- How do Adult Stem Cells work?
- Tissue stem cells are involved in the growth,
repair and renewal of the cells found in that
tissue. They are said to be multipotent
- Tissue stem cells are involved in the growth,
repair and renewal of the cells found in that
tissue. They are said to be multipotent
- What are the main tissue types?
- The main tissue types in the body are:
apithelial, connective, muscle and nerve.
The body organs are formed from a variety of
these tissues.
- The main tissue types in the body are:
apithelial, connective, muscle and nerve.
The body organs are formed from a variety of
these tissues.
- What cells types do Multipotent
haematopietic stem cells create?
- Multipotent haematopietic stem cells in the red bone
marrow give rise to all the cell types in the blood: red
blood cells, platelets, and the various forms of
phagocytes and lymphocytes
- Multipotent haematopietic stem cells in the red bone
marrow give rise to all the cell types in the blood: red
blood cells, platelets, and the various forms of
phagocytes and lymphocytes
- What do Tissues work together to create?
- Tissues work together to form more complex
organs, systems, and organisms such as humans.
- Tissues work together to form more complex
organs, systems, and organisms such as humans.
- How do somatic cells divide?
- Somatic cells divide my
mitosis to form more
somatic cells, maintaining
the diploid chromosome
number.
- Somatic cells divide my
mitosis to form more
somatic cells, maintaining
the diploid chromosome
number.
- What is Cellular Differentiation?
- Cellular Differentiation is the process by which
a cell develops more specialised functions by
expressing the genes characteristic for that cell
type.
- Cellular Differentiation is the process by which
a cell develops more specialised functions by
expressing the genes characteristic for that cell
type.
- What happens when the cell becomes
differentiated?
- Once a cell becomes differentiated it only expresses
the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for
that type of cell
- Once a cell becomes differentiated it only expresses
the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for
that type of cell
- How many pairs of chromosomes
does a Germline nucleus contain?
- The nucleus of Germline cells
have 23 pair of chromosomes &
are said to be diplopd.
- The nucleus of Germline cells
have 23 pair of chromosomes &
are said to be diplopd.
- How do Germline Cells divide?
- Germline cells divide by mitosis to produce new germline cells (diploid).
- Germline cells can also divide by meiosis to produce
haploid gametes - these germline cells are known as
Gamete Mother Cells.
- Germline cells can also divide by meiosis to produce
haploid gametes - these germline cells are known as
Gamete Mother Cells.
- Germline cells divide by mitosis to produce new germline cells (diploid).
- Where are Gamete Mother Cells found and what
do they produce?
- Gamete Mother Cells are
found in the sex organs and
give rise to haploid gametes -
Sperm & Eggs
- Gamete Mother Cells are
found in the sex organs and
give rise to haploid gametes -
Sperm & Eggs
- What is the difference between mutations that occur in
somatic cells & germline cells?
- Mutations that occur in germline cells
are passed to offspring whereas
mutations in somatic cells will not.
- Mutations that occur in germline cells
are passed to offspring whereas
mutations in somatic cells will not.
- What are stem cells used for?
- Stem cell research provides information on how the cells
processes such as cell growth, differentiation & gene
regulation work.
- Also used as model cells to study how diseases develop or for drug testing.
- Also used as model cells to study how diseases develop or for drug testing.
- Stem cell research provides information on how the cells
processes such as cell growth, differentiation & gene
regulation work.
- What are the therapeutic uses of stem
cells?
- The therapeutic uses include repair of diseased or damaged organs; by bone
marrow transplants, skin grafts for burns & stem cells grafts for cornea
repair
- The therapeutic uses include repair of diseased or damaged organs; by bone
marrow transplants, skin grafts for burns & stem cells grafts for cornea
repair
- What happens if Cancer cells divide excessively?
- Cancer Cells divide excessively to produce a mass of abnormal cells (a
tumour) that do not respond to regulatory signals and may fail to attach
to each other.
- If the cancer cells fail to attach to each other they
can spread throughout the body to form secondary
tumours.
- If the cancer cells fail to attach to each other they
can spread throughout the body to form secondary
tumours.
- Cancer Cells divide excessively to produce a mass of abnormal cells (a
tumour) that do not respond to regulatory signals and may fail to attach
to each other.
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