Principles of camp siting

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• Camp layout in a grid system Set boundary Grid can be expanded Avoid area used by troops less than 2 mths before

1. Area and real estate available

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   • Enough space and future expansion

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• Towns and local inhabitants Wind Space for expansion Duration
• Look for a gentle slope Natural drainage Consider flood hazards Avoid flat areas and swamps

1. Environmental impact

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• Sanitation Water pipelines Road and construction Living environment (dust, mud) High water table problems (latrines etc)

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• Water source as close to camp as possible Quality and quantity Type of source

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• Approaches (metalled roads) Main traffic route Vehicles, weight limits Camp circuit

1. Logistics supply

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   • Air drop - allows supply to remote areas, expensive and requires large scale support Road - security issues for convoy but allows cheaper and more accurate supply

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• May require fuel for cooking Wood and grass for shelter Vector problems

1. Utilising existing facilities

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   • Tactical considerations Duration Construction type Safety of facility Size of buildings Information about facility Drainage Power supply Water supply Removal of bodies Booby traps etc

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• Vector borne diseases Use of rivers for bathing and laundry Pests Over crowding Catering Climate

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• Facing prevailing wind Sleeping accommodation at the front Sanitary facilities downwind Night sanitation appliances Ablutions downstream of water point Communications Work areas

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• Localise defecation Develop appropriate exceta disposal system Establish inspection and reporting system Establish effective services for disposal of other waste

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• Must be easy to keep clean Hand washing Fly proofing Degree of privacy At least 30m from ground water sources At least 1.5m from water table Must be accessible Security