Post War Ideas in Ireland

Irish Republicanism
1. a) The Easter Rising: on 24th of April 1916 roughly 1,200 Volunteers and Citizen Army members took over strongpoints in Dublin city centre. A joint force of about 400 Volunteers and Citizen Army also gathered at Liberty Hall under the command of James Connolly. There aim was to free Ireland of British rule seeking to create an Irish Republic. They surrendered on the 29th of April 1916. In response to the Rebellion the British exectuted 15 of the leaders. This proved to work on the Nationalists favour as the executions caused an outcry within Irish communities, giving the Republicans more support
2. b) Michael Collins was a Irish Nationalist revolutionary who played a key role in the Irish war of Independence. He helped lead and shape the IRA
3. c) The Irish Republicans believed in the separation between Ireland and Great Britain. Made up of mostly Catholic Irish people. Unlike the Nationalists the Republicans believe in Irish being separated from Great Britain, but they don't mind of northern ireland is or isn't part of that repubuilc/nation
4. d) Sinn Féin, IRA, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Éirígí
5. e)
Irish Nationalism
1. b) John Redmond: was an Irish nationalist politician and leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party between 1900 and 1918. Redmond used his leverage to introduce the Third Home Rule Bill in April 1912, to grant Ireland national self-government. This could no longer be blocked by the Lords, its enactment was merely delayed for two years. Home Rule had reached the pinnacle of its success and Redmond had gone much further than any of his predecessors in shaping British politics to the needs of the Irish. The Home rule bill was never enacted due to the outbreak of WWI, however it was the best closest any irish politician had ever got to introducing home rule up until this point His successor, John Dillon, claimed that Redmond had removed all the obstacles to Irish unity except those of the Ulster unionists.
2. c) The Irish Nationalists are made up of mostly Catholic Irish, who believe in Ireland becoming a seperate nation to Britain. Unlike the Republicans, the Nationalists strongly believe that all of Ireland (north and south) need to become a united separate nation from Britain
3. d) Irish Confederation, Irish Independence Party, Irish National Invincibles, IRB
4. e)
5. a) Irish Nationalism stems as early as the 7th century, when the Gaelic Irish resisted British conquests through military and other means. This resistance of the British rule has continued till present day and the ideology of Nationalism today comes from the same ideas of the Gaelic Irish
Ulster Unionism
1. a) Home Rule: the ulster unionists were instrumental in defying the hopeful acts of the late 1800-early 1900. The ulster unionists comprised of Pprotestants who were loyal to the British Monarchy. They believed that if Ireland was granted home rule the catholic majority in Ireland would discriminate and shun the Protestants in Ireland. The Unionist managed to block almost all of the home rule bills that went through parliament, except for the one in 1914 that was passed, but prevented from coming into law by ww1 and the Easter rising
2. b) Sir Edward Carson: was an Irish unionist politician, barrister and judge. He was leader of the Irish Unionist Alliance and Ulster Unionist Party between 1910 and 1921. Carson was a massive contributor to the unionist movement in Ireland. In September 1911 he addressed a crowd of over 50,000 people gathered to rally near Belfast to hear Carson speaking to urge his party take on the governance of Ulster. He was also the first signatory on the Ulster Covenant, which bound 447,197 signatoriesOn Sunday 28 September 1912 'Ulster Day', which was to resist home rule in Ireland. With the threat that they would use "all means necessary" Carson created the Ulster Volunteers.
3. c) Ulster Unionists are made up of mostly Protestant Irish, who support the union between great britain and Ireland or at least Northern Ireland
4. d) Conservative and Unionist Party (1830–) Liberal Unionist Party (1886–1912) Irish Unionist Alliance (1891–1922) Ulster Unionist Party (UUP 1905–) Communist Party of Northern Ireland (1941–1970) Northern Ireland Labour Party (1949–1987) Democratic Unionist Party (DUP 1971–) Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party (1973–1978) Volunteer Political Party (1974–1975) Unionist Party of Northern Ireland (1974–1981) United Ulster Unionist Party (1975–1984) Progressive Unionist Party (1978–) Ulster Popular Unionist Party (1980–1995) Ulster (Loyalist) Democratic Party (1982–2001) UK Independence Party (UKIP 1993–) UK Unionist Party (UKUP 1995–2007) United Unionist Coalition (UUC 1998–) Northern Ireland Unionist Party (1999–2008) Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV 2007–) NI21 (2013–)
5. e)
Ulster Loyalism
1. a) Ulster Loyalists also stood with the unionists in oppsing Irish home rule. The loyalists however were a more extreme part of the Unionist moment. Loyalist paramilitary groups such as the Ulster Volunteers were created to fight against home rule in Ireland
2. b) Augustus Andrew "Gusty" Spence was a leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. He served time in the British Army in 1957 as a member of the Royal Ulster Rifles. His older brother Billy Spence was a founding member of Ulster Protestant Action (UPA) in 1956[14] and Gusty Spence himself was also a member of the group. He was frequently involved in street fights with republicans. Spence claimed that he was approached in 1965 by two men, one of whom was an Ulster Unionist Party MP, who told him that the Ulster Volunteer Force was to be re-established and that he was to have responsibility for the Shankill. He was picked for the job of military leader of the UVF due to his history in the army. In his time he lead many attacks on republican, nationalist and catholic people, and helped shape the more violent side of the loyalist movement in Ireland
3. c) The Ulster Loyalists fall under the branch of unionism. Meaning they are mostly protestant, and support Great Britain and Ireland being linked together. However unlike the Unionists the Loyalists support the British crown but not necessarily the British government
4. d) Progressive Unionist Party (PUP): linked to the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and Red Hand Commando (RHC), Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV), Protestant Coalition, Ulster Democratic Party (1981–2001), Ulster Vanguard (1972–1978), Volunteer Political Party (1974), Ulster Protestant League (1930s)
5. e)
Explain and analyse the competing ideas that have influenced the Northern Ireland Conflict 1968-2000.
1. Because there were so many different political ideologies in Ireland after WW1 there was many different views on what should happen to Ireland. Because people tended to be very passionate in their beliefs arguments often erupted in violence. Also because republicans and nationalists were mainly catholic, and Unionists and Loyalists were mainly protestant, there was a lot of friction as a result regarding the rivalling religions which only catalysed the conflicts.

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Post War Ideas in Ireland

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