1921736
Description
Mind Map by greenchloe1998, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by greenchloe1998
almost 10 years ago
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Topic three- Chemistry
- Flame tests.
- potassium ---> purple
- lithium ----> pinky red
- Calcium ----> orangey-red
- sodium ----> yellowy - orange
- Barium -----> green
- Flame tests are used
to find out cation
metals.
- pawwwsitive ( positive ions)
- pawwwsitive ( positive ions)
- potassium ---> purple
- Precipitation reactions
- precipitation reactions are used
to find out anions.
- negative ions
- negative ions
- precipitation reactions can also
be used to test for cations
- Aluminium (3+) and Calcium
(2+) create a white precipitate.
- copper (2+)
precipitates out
blue
- iron (2+) creates a
green precipitate
- Iron ( 3+) creates a
brown precipitate
- Iron ( 3+) creates a
brown precipitate
- To test these transition metals we
added sodium hydroxide
- Aluminium (3+) and Calcium
(2+) create a white precipitate.
- precipitation reactions are used
to find out anions.
- TITRATIONS
- A strong acid added to a strong alkali = a base and a
salt. But ONLY if it's in the right quantities.
- 1) fill the BURETTE with HCL solution to exactly zero. Use
the tap to pour some out if it's not exact.
- 2) Fill the beaker underneath the burette with 25cm cubed of NaOH.
- Put two drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the beaker.
- Let the HCL into the beaker until the colour makes a slight change and then turn the
tap one turn at a time.
- Make sure you're swirling the beaker all the time and when the product turns
colourless stop letting the HCL out.
- wash the conical flask with dilute water and the acid that you're using and refill it with alkali and the indicator.
- redo the experiment and record the results on the table.
- redo the experiment and record the results on the table.
- wash the conical flask with dilute water and the acid that you're using and refill it with alkali and the indicator.
- Make sure you're swirling the beaker all the time and when the product turns
colourless stop letting the HCL out.
- Let the HCL into the beaker until the colour makes a slight change and then turn the
tap one turn at a time.
- place a while tile under the
beaker
- Put two drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the beaker.
- 2) Fill the beaker underneath the burette with 25cm cubed of NaOH.
- A strong acid added to a strong alkali = a base and a
salt. But ONLY if it's in the right quantities.
- Calculating moles
- mass = moles * formula or
atomic mass
- moles = volume * concentration
- Step 1) write the known information
- what's the concentration, the
volume etc.?
- what's the concentration, the
volume etc.?
- Step 2) write out the balanced equations
- Step 3) Calculate the moles
- concentration = moles * volume
- concentration = moles * volume
- divide cm by 1000 to create dm
Annotations:
- dont actually understand this :S
- Step 1) write the known information
- mass = moles * formula or
atomic mass
- Hard water
- permanent
- contains calcium hydrogen carbonate ions and magnesium
hydrogen carbonate ions
- ion exchange resin columns
- The resin is coated in sodium ions, which have a positive charge. The magnesium and calcium have a stronger positive charge and so displace
the sodium ions. The sodium ions dissolve into the water- this hard water is softened using this method.
- The resin is coated in sodium ions, which have a positive charge. The magnesium and calcium have a stronger positive charge and so displace
the sodium ions. The sodium ions dissolve into the water- this hard water is softened using this method.
- washing powder
- creates a scum and removes the calcium and magnesium ions.
- creates a scum and removes the calcium and magnesium ions.
- contains calcium hydrogen carbonate ions and magnesium
hydrogen carbonate ions
- temporary
- can be boiled to soften. Creates CaCo3
(s) which is limescale.
- can be boiled to soften. Creates CaCo3
(s) which is limescale.
- permanent
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