17367452
Description
Mind Map by Jessica Simpson-Yhearm, updated more than 1 year ago
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Experiments- Method, Control of
Variables, Design, Types
- Method
- Aims
- General statement describing
the purpose of the experiment
- General statement describing
the purpose of the experiment
- Hypotheses
- Testable statement on the
relationship between the variables
- Based on theory
- Based on theory
- Directional
- Clarifying the type of difference
between the two conditions
- Drinking energy drinks increases your talkativeness
- Drinking energy drinks increases your talkativeness
- Used when previous research
suggests particular outcome
- Clarifying the type of difference
between the two conditions
- Non-directional
- Stating that there will be a difference
between the conditions, but not the type
- Drinking energy drinks affects your talkativeness
- Drinking energy drinks affects your talkativeness
- Used when there is no previous
research into the area
- Stating that there will be a difference
between the conditions, but not the type
- Testable statement on the
relationship between the variables
- Variables
- Independent Variable
- Aspect of the experiment which is
manipulated/changed
- Aspect of the experiment which is
manipulated/changed
- Dependent Variable
- Measured the record effect of changing the IV
- Measured the record effect of changing the IV
- The hypothesis should
state the IV and DV
- E.g. The group who drink energy drinks will be more
talkative than the group who drink water
- IV= type of food
- DV= IQ
- IV= type of food
- E.g. The group who drink energy drinks will be more
talkative than the group who drink water
- Operationalisation
- Making the variables measurable
- E.g. the group who drink 200ml of energy drink will say more words
in 10 minutes than the group who drink 200ml of water
- E.g. the group who drink 200ml of energy drink will say more words
in 10 minutes than the group who drink 200ml of water
- Making the variables measurable
- Independent Variable
- Aims
- Control of variables
- Extraneous variables
- Unwanted variables, other than the
IV, which may influence the DV
- E.g. gender, lighting in room, age
- Don't vary systematically with the IV
- Unwanted variables, other than the
IV, which may influence the DV
- Confounding variables
- Unwanted variable, other
than the IV, which may
have influenced the DV
- Unsure of true source of changes in DV
- Vary systematically with the IV
- E.g. personality
- Unwanted variable, other
than the IV, which may
have influenced the DV
- Demand characteristics
- Guessing the aim of an experiment
and reacting accordingly
- Act in a way which they think is
'expected' or over-perform to please
- Under-perform to sabotage results
- Unnatural behaviour
- Guessing the aim of an experiment
and reacting accordingly
- Investigator effects
- Researcher favouring
certain participants
- Unconscious clues
- Selection of materials,
participants,
instructions etc.
- Leading questions
- Researcher favouring
certain participants
- Randomisation
- Reduces effects of EV/CVs
and investigator effects
- Random generation
- Order of conditions randomly determined
- Random generation
- Reduces effects of EV/CVs
and investigator effects
- Standardisation
- Same environment,
instructions and experience
- Same environment,
instructions and experience
- Extraneous variables
- Experimental Design
- Independent Groups
- Two groups selected, one does control condition,
other does experimental condition
- Performance of two groups compared
- Two groups selected, one does control condition,
other does experimental condition
- Repeated Measures
- One group selected, do both the control
and the experimental condition
- Performance in each condition compared
- One group selected, do both the control
and the experimental condition
- Matched Pairs
- One group chosen, then another based on characteristics of
participants in the first group. Carried out like IGD
- Performance of two groups compared
- One group chosen, then another based on characteristics of
participants in the first group. Carried out like IGD
- Independent Groups
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