16986669
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Mind Map by dania khalil, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fatma Shwaylia
over 6 years ago
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Copied by a deleted user
over 5 years ago
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Copied by dania khalil
over 5 years ago
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Unhealthy
Eating Habits
- BMI
- Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat
based on your weight in relation to your height,
and applies to most adult men and women aged
20 and over.
- When BMI is higher than 30
- When BMI is higher than 30
- Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat
based on your weight in relation to your height,
and applies to most adult men and women aged
20 and over.
- Overweight and obesity are defined
as abnormal or excessive fat
accumulation that presents a risk to
health.
- highest in the WHO Regions of the Americas and lowest
in the WHO Region for South East Asia
- Causes of Obesity
- psychological
- comfort eating
- eating disorders
- bulimia nervosa :excessive eating with compensatory
mechanisms
- Binge eating
- bulimia nervosa :excessive eating with compensatory
mechanisms
- comfort eating
- bioliogical
- Genes
- hormones
- hypothyroidism and cushing syndrome
- hypothyroidism and cushing syndrome
- Genes
- lifestyle
- sedentery lifestyle
- sedentery lifestyle
- socioeconomic
- culture
- peer pressure
- income
- culture
- Complications of Obesity
- Liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-NALD;
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-NASH)
kidneys (kidney stones; chronic kidney disease-CKD)
- respiratory system
- Sleep apnea and breathlessness
- Sleep apnea and breathlessness
- Digestive system
- GERD
- Gallbladder and gallstones
- GERD
- reproductive system
- menstrual problems
- pregnancy complications
- polycystic ovary
syndrome
- menstrual problems
- The cardiovascular system (heart attack; elevated cholesterol/atherosclerosis; abnormal heart rhythms;
hypertension; peripheral vascular disease; stroke)
- the musculoskeletal
system (osteoarthritis in the
back, hips, knees; gout)
- Psychological
Complications
- Body shape discontent
- Consequently may lead to strain on their intimate and romantic
relationships
- Further leads to depression, isolation, anxiety, suicidal ideas, withdrawn from society and
anhedonia
- Body shape discontent
- Liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-NALD;
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-NASH)
kidneys (kidney stones; chronic kidney disease-CKD)
- psychological
- Causes of Obesity
- Investigations include
- Complete blood
count
- Liver enzyme and liver function
tests
- Tests for chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, hepatitis C and
others)
- Celiac disease screening
- Fasting blood sugar
- Hemoglobin A1C, which shows how stable your blood sugar
is
- Lipid profile, which measures blood
fats, such as cholesterol and
triglycerides
- Complete blood
count
- highest in the WHO Regions of the Americas and lowest
in the WHO Region for South East Asia
- Obesity
- Management
- Psychological
Treatment
- Drugs
- topiramate/phentermine
- liraglutide
- lorcaserin
- orlistat
- topiramate/phentermine
- Diet, exercise and lifestyle changes should always be
included.
- Surgeries
- gastric banding
surgery
- gastric
bypass
- sleeve gastrectomy
- GASTRIC
INJECTION
- gastric banding
surgery
- Psychological
Treatment
- Management
- Relationship between food intake and energy
expenditure
- “Energy balance” is the relationship between “energy in”
(food calories taken into the body through food and
drink) and “energy out” (calories being used in the body
for our daily energy requirements).
- Imbalances lead
to
- Imbalances lead
to
- Food
intake
- Physiology of food intake and
satiety
- Feeding
center:
- Lateral nuclei of the
hypothalamus and
Dorso-medial nucleus
(DMN)
- Lateral nuclei of the
hypothalamus and
Dorso-medial nucleus
(DMN)
- Satiety
center:
- Ventro-medial nuclei of the
hypothalamus (VNH) and
Para-ventricular nucleus (PVN)
- Ventro-medial nuclei of the
hypothalamus (VNH) and
Para-ventricular nucleus (PVN)
- Feeding
center:
- Hormonal
control
- Physiology of food intake and
satiety
- “Energy balance” is the relationship between “energy in”
(food calories taken into the body through food and
drink) and “energy out” (calories being used in the body
for our daily energy requirements).
- Liver
anatomy
- 2 lobes
- Wedge-shaped & resembles 4 sided
pyramid laid on one side with its apex
directed to the left.
- found in right hypochondrium,
greater part of the epigastrium
and extends into the left
hypochondriurn up to the left
lateral vertical line.
- Blood supply of the liver
- 2 lobes
- Liver histology
- Lobule: It has a roughly hexagonal
shape with : Central vein at its
center
- Portal Triads at each corner consist of: 1. Hepatic Arteriole 2. Portal Venule 3.
Bile Ductule 4. Lympahatic vessels
- Lobule: It has a roughly hexagonal
shape with : Central vein at its
center
- Liver
- liver is the main organ of metabolism and
energy production; its other main functions
include:
- Bile production
- Storage of iron, vitamins and trace
elements
- conversion of waste products for excretion by the kidneys
- detoxification
- Metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, and
proteins
- Three stages of FA
synthesis:
- . Transport of acetyl COA into
cytosol
- Carboxylation of acetyl
COA
- Assembly of FA chain (
Elongation)
- . Transport of acetyl COA into
cytosol
- Three stages of FA
synthesis:
- Alcohol metabolism
- Metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, and
proteins
- detoxification
- conversion of waste products for excretion by the kidneys
- Bile production
- liver is the main organ of metabolism and
energy production; its other main functions
include:
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