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Nadia Burns Her Hand (skin burns)

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Mind Map on Nadia Burns Her Hand (skin burns), created by Abdelrahman Nouh on 29/10/2018.
Abdelrahman Nouh
Mind Map by Abdelrahman Nouh, updated more than 1 year ago
Abdelrahman Nouh
Created by Abdelrahman Nouh over 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Nadia Burns Her Hand (skin burns)
  1. Types
    1. radiation
      1. contact burns
        1. chemical
          1. electrical
            1. true high tension
              1. current flows through individual
              2. flash
                1. heat from a high voltage current arc
                  1. current doesn't flow
              3. fire
                1. flame burns
                  1. usually inhalation
                2. scalds
                  1. liquid
                    1. spill
                      1. immersion
                      2. steam
                        1. grease
                      3. demography
                        1. name: Nadia
                          1. incident
                            1. burned her hand with hot oil
                          2. age: 55
                            1. occupation: chef
                              1. marital status: married
                              2. skin
                                1. 3 layers
                                  1. epidermis
                                    1. consists of 5 layers
                                      1. from bottom to top
                                        1. basale
                                          1. spinosum
                                            1. granulosum
                                              1. lucidum
                                                1. corneum
                                    2. dermis
                                      1. consists of 2 layers
                                        1. reticular
                                          1. papillary
                                        2. subcutaneous layer
                                          1. adipose tissue
                                      2. Effects
                                        1. Local
                                          1. model of Jackson
                                            1. outermost: zone of hyperemia
                                              1. Inner region: zone of coagulation
                                                1. 2nd layer: zone of stasis
                                              2. Systemic
                                                1. metabolism
                                                  1. increased basal metabolic rate
                                                  2. immunity
                                                    1. down regulation
                                                    2. respiratory
                                                      1. ARDS
                                                        1. bronchoconstriction
                                                        2. cardiovascular
                                                          1. hypovolemia
                                                            1. hypotension
                                                              1. hypoperfusion
                                                          2. Severity
                                                            1. 1st degree
                                                              1. only epidermis involved
                                                                1. pain - redness - dry & peeling skin
                                                              2. 2nd degree
                                                                1. epidermis and part of dermis involved
                                                                  1. pain - redness - blisters
                                                                2. 3rd degree
                                                                  1. all skin layers involved
                                                                    1. charred skin - leathery texture - no pain
                                                                  2. 4th degree
                                                                    1. subcutaneous layer lost
                                                                  3. Coagulative necrosis
                                                                    1. cell death
                                                                      1. apoptosis
                                                                        1. no inflammation
                                                                          1. shrunken nucleus
                                                                            1. physiological or pathological
                                                                              1. intact nucleus
                                                                              2. necrosis
                                                                                1. inflammation
                                                                                  1. leads to
                                                                                    1. systemic fever
                                                                                      1. decrease availability of zinc and iron
                                                                                        1. bacteria cannot tolerate heat
                                                                                          1. caused by PGE2 bradykinins
                                                                                            1. stimulate hypothalamus
                                                                                        2. importance
                                                                                          1. fights infection
                                                                                            1. kills pathogens
                                                                                              1. by
                                                                                                1. by immune cells and reactions
                                                                                              2. mediates healing
                                                                                                1. by scar
                                                                                                  1. permanent
                                                                                                    1. ex: neurons
                                                                                                  2. by normal tissue
                                                                                                    1. stable
                                                                                                      1. ex: liver
                                                                                                      2. labile
                                                                                                        1. ex: skin
                                                                                                      3. repair
                                                                                                        1. scar formation
                                                                                                          1. VEGF & FGF-2
                                                                                                            1. angiogenesis
                                                                                                              1. FGF-2 / PDGF / TGF
                                                                                                                1. granulation tissue formation
                                                                                                                  1. PDGF & TGF-B
                                                                                                                    1. deposition of connective tissue
                                                                                                                      1. MMPs & TIMPs
                                                                                                                        1. Remodeling
                                                                                                    2. cardinal signs
                                                                                                      1. redness & heat
                                                                                                        1. due to increased vascular permeability (vasodilation)
                                                                                                        2. swelling
                                                                                                          1. due to accumulation of exudate in the interstitial spaces
                                                                                                            1. exerts pressure on
                                                                                                              1. pain receptors
                                                                                                          2. pain
                                                                                                            1. due to stimulation of
                                                                                                            2. loss of function
                                                                                                              1. caused by all other factors
                                                                                                            3. causes
                                                                                                              1. injury
                                                                                                                1. autoimmune diseases
                                                                                                                  1. infections
                                                                                                                    1. entry & multiplication of a microorganism in the body
                                                                                                                      1. parasites
                                                                                                                        1. fungi
                                                                                                                          1. viruses
                                                                                                                            1. bacteria
                                                                                                                              1. ivading
                                                                                                                                1. normal flora
                                                                                                                                  1. risks
                                                                                                                                    1. opportunistic infections
                                                                                                                                      1. nosocomial infections
                                                                                                                                        1. indigenous infections
                                                                                                                                        2. a swab is taken for investigation and to decide which antibiotic to use
                                                                                                                                          1. investigations: lab tests
                                                                                                                                            1. gram staining
                                                                                                                                              1. +
                                                                                                                                                1. catalase test
                                                                                                                                                  1. +
                                                                                                                                                    1. staph
                                                                                                                                                      1. coagulase test
                                                                                                                                                        1. +
                                                                                                                                                          1. aureus
                                                                                                                                                          2. -
                                                                                                                                                            1. epidermidis / saprophyticus / etc...
                                                                                                                                                      2. -
                                                                                                                                                        1. strept
                                                                                                                                                          1. hemolysis
                                                                                                                                                            1. alpha
                                                                                                                                                              1. pneumoniae viridans
                                                                                                                                                              2. Beta
                                                                                                                                                                1. pyogenes agalactiae
                                                                                                                                                                2. gamma
                                                                                                                                                                  1. enterococcus
                                                                                                                                                        2. -
                                                                                                                                                      3. antibiotics
                                                                                                                                                        1. Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                          1. cell membrane inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                            1. cell wall inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                              1. nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                1. viral replication inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                  1. metabolites
                                                                                                                                                                    1. protein synthesis inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                    2. favored characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                      1. selective toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                        1. microbicidal
                                                                                                                                                                          1. stable
                                                                                                                                                                            1. active in the presence of organic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                              1. extensive distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                1. can be taken orally or IV
                                                                                                                                                                            2. functions
                                                                                                                                                                              1. seal body space
                                                                                                                                                                                1. mitigate pathogens
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. fermentation of fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. tissue homeostasis
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. microorganisms present in the body
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. pathogenic
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. symbionts
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. commensals
                                                                                                                                                                              2. swelled nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                1. pathological
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. disrupted group nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                              3. complications
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