13095337
Passing Dark Colored Urine
- due to Hematuria
- Investigations
- Urine Cytology
- Cystometry
- Urinalysis
- Urine Culture
- Urine Tumor Markers
- Cystoscopy
- Cystoscopy
- culture sensitivity test: Helps to find the right
anti-biotic to kill an infecting organism. This
test determines the sensitivity of a colony of
bacteria to an antibiotic.
- Urine Tumor Markers
- Urine Culture
- Urinalysis
- Schistosoma
- Life
cycle
- Pathogenesis
- S.
haematobium-
- Painless terminal
haematuria
- Painless terminal
haematuria
- S. mansoni & S. japonicum-
- bloody diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- bloody diarrhea
- S.
haematobium-
- Diagnosis
- Biopsy
- ELISA
- Microscopy
- Biopsy
- Treatment
- Praziquantel
- Praziquantel
- Bladder cancer
- signs
and
symptoms
- Blood or blood clots in the
urine.
- Pain or burning sensation
during urination
- Feeling the need to urinate
many times throughout the
night.
- Blood or blood clots in the
urine.
- Staging
- Risk
Factors
- Smoking
- Increasing age
- Exposure to
certain chemicals
- Previous
cancer
treatment
- Chronic bladder
inflammation
- Personal or family
history of cancer
- Treatment
- Urinary diversion
- Nephrostomy
- Urostomy
- Neobladder-to-urethra
Diversion
- Neobladder-to-urethra
Diversion
- Urostomy
- Nephrostomy
- Prognosis &
Follow ups
- Epidemiology
- Globally, in 2010, bladder cancer resulted in 170,000 deaths
up from 114,000 in 1990.[52] This is an increase of 19.4%,
adjusted for increase in total world population
- Ninth most common
malignancy worldwide
- Globally, in 2010, bladder cancer resulted in 170,000 deaths
up from 114,000 in 1990.[52] This is an increase of 19.4%,
adjusted for increase in total world population
- The 5-year relative survival rate is about 77%
- The stage of the cancer (whether it is superficial
or invasive bladder cancer, and whether it has
spread to other places in the body). Bladder
cancer in the early stages can often be cured
- The stage of the cancer (whether it is superficial
or invasive bladder cancer, and whether it has
spread to other places in the body). Bladder
cancer in the early stages can often be cured
- regular physical
examinations, medical
tests, or both
- Epidemiology
- Urinary diversion
- Smoking
- signs
and
symptoms
- leads
to
- Life
cycle
- is most helpful in diagnosing high-grade
tumors and carcinoma in situ
- Cystometry
- History Taking
- Imaging
- KUB xray
- ultrasound
- CT SCAN
- KUB xray
- Urine Cytology
- Urological: neoplasm, BPH, urolithiasis,
infection, trauma, iatrogenic, vascular
- Mass in kidney = neoplasm
or polycystic kidney disease
- Painless = malignancy
- Mass in kidney = neoplasm
or polycystic kidney disease
- Nephrological: Post-strep GN, SLE, HUS,
Subacute bacterial endocarditis,
necrotizing papillitis, periarteritis nodosa
- Hematological: Hemophilia, VW diseases, ITP,
sickle cell trait, DIC, anticoagulant therapy
- Hemorrhage in
skin/mucosa = hematologic
- Hemorrhage in
skin/mucosa = hematologic
- Miscellaneous: Exercise hematuria,
diseases of adjacent organs like the
appendix, idiopathic
- Edema & hypertension = GN
or hypertensive nephropathy
- Edema & hypertension = GN
or hypertensive nephropathy
- Investigations
- Anatomy & Histology of Urinary Bladder
- Physiology of micturition
- Filling stage: the bladder fills
progressively until the tension
in its walls rises above a
threshold level
- Micturition reflex that
empties the bladder or, if this
fails, at least causes a
conscious desire to urinate
- Micturition reflex that
empties the bladder or, if this
fails, at least causes a
conscious desire to urinate
- Filling stage: the bladder fills
progressively until the tension
in its walls rises above a
threshold level
- Physiology of micturition
Media attachments
Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.