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118832
Nucleophilic substitution
Description
Mind Map on Nucleophilic substitution, created by jasmin.sahota on 01/06/2013.
Mind Map by
jasmin.sahota
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
jasmin.sahota
about 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Nucleophilic substitution
nucleophile
are reagents that attack and form bonds with electron deficient carbons
usually a negatively charged ion
or a partially negative atom
has a lone pair of electrons
used to make a covalent bond
common nucleophiles
:OH-
:NH3
:CN-
rules
curly arrow
goes from electrons to +
goes from bond to atom
rate of reaction
increases as you go down the group
as bond strength decreases
for the hydroxide ion, :OH-
take place at room temperature
called a hydrolysis reaction
add ethanol
an alcohol is formed
with cyanide ions, :CN-
you get a nitrile
has one extra carbon
with ammonia, :NH3
used with excess conc solution of ammonia in ethanol
carried out under pressure
produces a primary amine, RNH2
H's have +
N has a -
add 2 NH3's
end up with NH4X
one of the H's becomes +
uses of nucleophilic substitution
primary amine
secondary amine
tertiary amine
alcohol
aldehyde
carboxylic acid
nitriile
primary amine
carboxylic acid
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