11826252
Description
Mind Map by Grace Fawcitt, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Grace Fawcitt
almost 7 years ago
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Memory- coding, capacity and duration
- Coding
- The format in which information is stored
- Acoustic
- STM
- STM
- Semantic
- LTM
- LTM
- Acoustic
- Baddeley, 1966
- Gave 4 groups 4
different lists of words
- Group1
- Acoustically similar words
- Cat, mat, bat
- Cat, mat, bat
- Acoustically similar words
- Group 2
- Acoustically dissimilar words
- dog, food, man
- dog, food, man
- Acoustically dissimilar words
- Group 3
- Semantically similar
- huge, large, big
- huge, large, big
- Semantically similar
- Group 4
- Semantically dissimilar
- few, eat, carpet
- few, eat, carpet
- Semantically dissimilar
- Group1
- Findings
- Immediate recall (STM)
- Struggled with acoustically similar
- Struggled with acoustically similar
- 20 minutes later (LTM)
- Struggled with semantically similar
- Struggled with semantically similar
- Immediate recall (STM)
- Evaluation
- Artificial stimuli
- Word lists have no
personal meaning to
participants
- Difficult to generalise
- Difficult to generalise
- Word lists have no
personal meaning to
participants
- Artificial stimuli
- Gave 4 groups 4
different lists of words
- The format in which information is stored
- Duration
- The length of time information can be stored
- 18-30 seconds
- STM
- STM
- Permanent
- LTM
- LTM
- Peterson and Peterson, 1959
- STM
- Participants given a consonant
syllable (e.g. YCG) and a three
digit number (e.g. 547)
- Counted back from
number until told to stop
- Had to recall consonant syllable
- Retention interval of 3,6,9,12,15 or 18 seconds
- Recall worse at 18 seconds
- Recall worse at 18 seconds
- Had to recall consonant syllable
- Counted back from
number until told to stop
- Evaluation
- Meaningless stimuli
- Difficult to generalise
- Lack of external validity
- Difficult to generalise
- Meaningless stimuli
- STM
- Bahrick, 1975
- LTM
- Showed 17-74 year old people their yearbooks
- 15 years after graduation
- 90% accuracy
- 90% accuracy
- 48 years after graduation
- 70% accuracy
- 70% accuracy
- 15 years after graduation
- Asked 17-74 year old people to freely recall
students in their graduating class
- 15 years after graduation
- 60% accuracy
- 60% accuracy
- 48 years after graduation
- 30% accuracy
- 30% accuracy
- 15 years after graduation
- Evaluation
- High external validity
- Meaningful stimuli
- Meaningful stimuli
- High external validity
- LTM
- 18-30 seconds
- The length of time information can be stored
- Capacity
- The amount of information that can be stored
- 5-9 items
- STM
- STM
- Unlimited
- LTM
- LTM
- 5-9 items
- Jacobs, 1887
- Digit span
- Recall of digits, increasing each time
- Average was 9.3 digits
- Average was 9.3 digits
- Recall of digits, increasing each time
- Evaluation
- Lacking validity
- Lack of control over confounding
variables due to era
- Lack of control over confounding
variables due to era
- Lacking validity
- Digit span
- Miller, 1956
- Chunking
- People can recall five words
just as well as five letters
- Grouping letters or digits into chunks
- Grouping letters or digits into chunks
- People can recall five words
just as well as five letters
- Evaluation
- Contradictory evidence
- Four chunks more likely
- Four chunks more likely
- Contradictory evidence
- Chunking
- The amount of information that can be stored
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