BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (ANIMAL NURSING)

1. 60% (50%-70% IS NORMAL)
2. DEPENDS ON..
   1. AGE
   2. SEX
   3. NUTRITIONAL STATUS
   4. PROPORTION OF FAT:LEAN TISSUE
3. INTRACELLULAR FLUID (40%)

   Annotations:

   • in cells
4. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (20%)

   Annotations:

   • Outisde the cells 
   1. PLASMA (5%)

      Annotations:

      • - the fluid part of the blood -transport cells, nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products -rich in plasma proteins 
   2. INTERSTITIAL FLUID (15%)

      Annotations:

      • In between cells -bathes tissues and cells -no blood cells or protein molecules  - all biochemical reactions occur here.
   3. TRANSCELLULAR FLUID <1%

      Annotations:

      • -small amounts of fluids found in joints, body cavities, cerebrospinal fluid, digestive juices, and lymph. 
5. WATER INTAKE
   1. INGESTION (FLUIDS & FOOD)
   2. METABOLISM (FATS & CARBS)
6. DOGS=50ML/KG/PER DAY

1. ORGANIC

   Annotations:

   • -compounds that contain carbon e.g. proteins, carbohydrates and fats
2. INORGANIC

   Annotations:

   • -compounds not based on carbon e.g. sodium, potassium, phosphate and chloride. 

1. CALCIUM
2. PHOSPHORUS
3. MAGNESIUM
4. CHLORINE
5. IRON
6. COPPER
7. MANGANESE
8. IODINE
9. ELECTROLYTES (IONS)
   1. CATIONS +

      Annotations:

      • Positively charged ions
      1. MAIN CATIONS OUTSIDE THE CELL= SODIUM
      2. MAIN CATIONS INSIDE THE CELL= POTASSIUM
   2. ANIONS -

      Annotations:

      • Negatively charged ions
      1. MAIN ANIONS INSIDE THE CELL= PROTEINS
      2. MAIN ANIONS OUTSIDE THE CELL= CHLORIDE AND BICARBONATE
10. ROLES OF ELECTROLYTES
    1. CONTROL OSMOTIC PRESSURE
    2. ASSIST IN PH AND BUFFER MECHANISMS
    3. SUPPORT ENZYME SYSTEMS

Annotations:

• Constant movement of water

1. HYPERTONIC

   Annotations:

   • HIGHER osmotic pressure than plasma -draws water OUT of the cell
2. ISOTONIC

   Annotations:

   • has the SAME osmotic pressure to plasma 
3. HYPOTONIC

   Annotations:

   • LOWER osmotic pressure than plasma  -draws water INTO the cell

1. KIDNEYS
2. GASTROINTESTAL TRACT
3. RESPIRATORY TRACT/BREATHING
4. SKIN/SWEAT

1. VOMITING (V+)
2. DIARRHOEA (D+)
3. HAEMORRHAGE
4. ABNORMAL DISCHARGE/PUS
5. LARGE SURFACE BURNS

1. 1-6 =ACID
2. 8-14= ALKALI
3. 7= NEUTRAL