10387548
Description
Mind Map by Huwaida Fazel, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Huwaida Fazel
almost 7 years ago
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HAMAD AT THE COOPERATIVE
- demographics
- Hamad, male, early 70s, retired for 10 years
- presenting complaint: syncope
- presenting complaint: syncope
- Hamad, male, early 70s, retired for 10 years
- causes of syncope
- cardiovascular causes
- electrical causes
- arrhythmia
- arrhythmia
- mechanical causes
- aortic stenosis
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- aortic stenosis
- electrical causes
- non cardiovascular causes
- orthostatic hypotension
- untreated diabetes
- severe dehydration
- medication/alcohol
- neurologic
- carotid sinus syndrome
- orthostatic hypotension
- cardiovascular causes
- Glasgow coma scale
- cardiac conduction system
- CPR
- CPR
- Electrocardiogram
- components
- monitor
- ECG graph
- electrodes
- locations of electrodes
- leads
- limb leads
- chest leads
- augmented leads
- limb leads
- axis of the leads
- locations of electrodes
- monitor
- consider the following to analyse
- rhythm
- rate
- conduction
- rhythm
- normal ECG
- abnormal ECG
- sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, paroxysmal
supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal ventricular
tachycardia, first degree block, second degree block, third
degree block, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, etc.
- sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, paroxysmal
supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal ventricular
tachycardia, first degree block, second degree block, third
degree block, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, etc.
- components
- SICK SINUS SYNDROME
- SA node is affected
- found in 1 in 600 CVD patients
- found in 1 in 600 CVD patients
- cause
- idiopathic age-related fibrosis and cell
atrophy or ischemia leading to changes in
the electrophysiology of the SAN, known as
electrical remodeling
- manifested as bradycardia or asystolic pause
- manifested as bradycardia or asystolic pause
- idiopathic age-related fibrosis and cell
atrophy or ischemia leading to changes in
the electrophysiology of the SAN, known as
electrical remodeling
- pathophysiology
- The Na+ channels normally present at
the periphery of the SA node has been
shown to decrease which could
potentially lead to SAN exit block
- The Na+ channels normally present at
the periphery of the SA node has been
shown to decrease which could
potentially lead to SAN exit block
- diagnosis
- Holter monitor
- exercise tests
- intracardiac electrophysiologic tests
- Holter monitor
- asymptomatic but may show
- fatigue
- dizziness
- weakness
- short breath
- faint
- fatigue
- risk factors
- controllable factors
- high cholesterol
- high BP
- diabetes
- smoking
- alcohol abuse
- stress
- certain medications
- high cholesterol
- non controllable factors
- family history
- congenital heart disorders
- advancing age
- gender
- family history
- controllable factors
- prognosis
- having it with only
bradycardia is a good
prognosis
- having it with only
bradycardia is a good
prognosis
- treatment:
- antiarrhythmic drugs
- pacemakers
- risks of procedure
- bleeding, damage to vessels,
infection at incision,
pneumothorax
- bleeding, damage to vessels,
infection at incision,
pneumothorax
- precautions
- antiarrhythmic drugs
- SA node is affected
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