1_1.The Old Regime

The Old Regime (up to 18th C)
1. Society of States
  1. Nobility
    1. High nobility(high possitions)
    2. Low nobility(less money)
  2. Clergy
    1. High(archbishops)
    2. Low(priests)
  3. Commoners(third state)
    1. Bourgeoise(doctors,artisans..)
    2. Peasantry(largest group)
2. The agrarian sector
  1. Crop agriculture and livestock farming
  2. Peasants practised it
  3. Lands belong to nobles
3. Artisanal activity and trade
  1. Guilds:controlled artisanal activity
  2. Domestic system(new)
  3. Royal factories:luxury
  4. Foreign trade:exchange
  5. Triangular trade: Africa-Europe-America
Systems of goverment
1. Absolutism
  1. system of goverment in 18th C
  2. Monarchs held the full powers
  3. Mercantilism: fixed trade price
2. English parliamentarism
  1. English Civil War(Charles 1 executed)
  2. Glorious Revolution
  3. New Parliamentary system
    1. Not ruler alone
    2. Bill of Rights
    3. Separation of powers
3. The Dutch Republic
  1. Separation of seven provinces in N Netherlands
    1. Own Parliament
    2. Assembled at Estates General
The Enlightenment
The War of Spanish Succession
Enlightened depotism in Spain
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
1. Reason shoul be applied to all areas of life
2. Natural rights belong to all human beings
3. Knowledge was the key of happiness, it take an important place on education
4. Tolerance was the basis of coexistence
ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS
1. john Locke
  1. The state was the result of a social contract between the government and the people
ELIGHTENMENT DESPOTISM
1. Education: they founded new educational institutions
2. Government created new legal codes and required the privileged estates to pay taxes
3. Land: they expropiated unused land
SPANISH SUCCESION
1. King Carlos II died without children
2. Carlos II named Philippe of Anjou as his successor, but Archduke Charles did not accept
3. Castille supported Phillippe of Anjou, while Aragón supported Archduke Charles
4. The Treaty of Utrecht recognised the Bourbon candidate Philippe, who became Felipe V King of Spain
EARLY BOURBON RULE
1. Felipe V centralised administration in Spain
2. In government, he did not use old councils, but he created a new figure: the secretary of state
3. Fernando VI continued these reforms, and also strengthened the navy.
4. The Catastro of Ensenada was a large scale census and geographical investigation
5. Spain recovered Naples and Sicily
ENLIGHTENED DEPOTISM OF CARLOS III
1. Initiated a wide range-ranging reform programme
2. Attempt to modernise traditional Spanish clothing led to the Esquilach Riots
3. Their reforms attempted to modernise Spain:
  1. The church: parts of the church were an obstacle to modernisation
  2. Economic development: Spanish ports were allowed to develop free trade with America
  3. Education: new schools were built, secondary an university curricula were renovated
  4. Economic Societies of Friends of the Country: met to discuss a variety of subjects, they founded schools to train artisansand farmers
CARLOS IV AND THE END OF REFORM
1. Carlos IV became king in1788
2. A year later the French Revolution started
3. Most reforms were stopped
4. In 1805, the powerful British navy destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar
5. In 1808, Carlos IV abdicated in favour of his son, Fernando VII

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1_1.The Old Regime

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	Created by Noelia Fernández almost 8 years ago

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