97904
Description
Flashcards by paigexmonks, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by paigexmonks
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what has eukaryotic cells? | plants, animals, fungi, protoctists |
| what has prokaryotic cells? | bacteria, cyanobacteria |
| what is the difference between unicellular and multicellular? | unicellular-organisms consist of one cell multicellular-organisms consist of many different cells |
| what is the word that states that multicellular organisms cells all have different functions? | specialised |
| what does a eukaryotic cell contain? | nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondrion, R/SER, goligi body, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrioles and vacuole |
| what does a nucleus contain? | outer membrane, inner membrane, pore in nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin, nucleolus and dna as chromosomes |
| functions of the nucleus? | - nuclear envelope controls entry and exit of maerials - control centre of cell through mRNA production -retains genetic material -manufacture RNA and ribosomes |
| what does the mitochondrion contain? | outer membrane, inner membrane, folds of cristae and matrix |
| what is the function of the mitochondrion? | site for aerobic respiration through ATP synthesis |
| what does the endoplasmic reticulum contain? | nucleus with nuclear envelope, cisternae with ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum but none on smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| what is the role of the smooth er? | lipid synthesis and transport |
| what is the function of rough er? | protein synthesis and transport |
| what is the structure of Golgi body? | folds called cisternae like sacs, vesicle from ER enter which contain proteins, lysosomes exit with enzymes inside |
| what is the function of Golgi body? | modifying and labelling eg adds carbs to proteins to produce glycoproteins produce enzymes transport, modify store lipids form lysosomes |
| what is the structure of ribosomes? | made up of protein and rRNA. 1 large and 1 small sub unit |
| what is the function of ribosomes? | protein synthesis |
| what is the structure of lysosomes? | just little circles |
| what is the function of lysosomes? | contain digestive enzymes responsible for destroying worn out organelles and digesting the contents of vacuoles fromed by phagocytosis |
| what is the structure of centrioles? | spindle shaped short cylinders made of 9 fibres |
| what is the function of centrioles? | make protein fibres to aid cell dividsion by helping to move chromosomes |
| what is the structure of a chloroplast? | outer membrane, inner membrane, stoma, itergranal lamellae, thylakoids, many making up a granum |
| what is the function of chloroplasts? | found in plants, site of photosynthesis |
| what is the strcuure of a vacuole? | cell wall, cell membrane, tonoplast, vacuole |
| what is the function of vacuole? | storage site for materials such as cell sap and helps support young plants |
| chloroplast - p or a? | plants |
| cell wall p or a? | plants |
| vacuole p or a? | single large in plant, many small in animal |
| centrioles p or a? | animals |
| plasmodemata p or a? | plants |
| what is a plasmodesmata? | channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells by connecting strands |
| when our cells become specialosed is known as... | differentation |
| 1 example of specialised cell and function | red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood |
| 2nd example of specialied cell and fucntion | white blood cells to fight off infection |
| 3rd example of specialised cella dn function | skin cells act as barrier |
| what is a tissue? | a group of similar cells performing one particular function |
| what is lots of different types of tissue make up? | an organ |
| what does lots of organs working together make? | and organ system |
| what do prokaryotic cells not have? | membrane bound organelles or a membrane bound nucleus |
| what is the dna like on prokaryotic cells? | single stranded not held in the nucleus |
| what does a prokaryotic cell contain? | mesosomes, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmid, dna strand, slime capsule, ribosomes, starch grains and flagellum |
| difference between eukaryotic ribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes | eukaryotic has large - 80s prokaryotic has small - 70s |
| difference in dna in eukaryotic and prokaryotic | eukaryotic - held in the nucleus and is double stranded prokaryotic - not held in nucleus and is single stranded |
| difference in cell wall in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells | eukaryotic - cell wall made of murein prokaryotic - cell wall made of cellulose (plants) |
| what is used to see viruses? | electronmicroscope |
| why are viruses called non-cells? | no cytoplasm , no organelles and no chromosomes |
| what do viruses consist of? | DNA sheath, capsid tails and nucleic acid |
| where do viruses multiply? | host cells |
| why is inner membrane (cristae) in mitochondria folded? | to increase SA for the proteins involved in the genereation of ATP to maximise respiration |
| why does muscle cells require more mitochondria than skin cells? | they require more energy to contract than skin cells |
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