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Description
Flashcards by Niamh Ryan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Niamh Ryan
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Physical property | Any property that is measurable, whose value describes a physical state or appearance |
| Chemical property | A characteristic of a substance that is observed during a chemical reaction |
| Strong material | One that cannot be easily broken |
| Brittle material | One that can be easily broken |
| Malleable | Can be bent, hammered or squashed into different shapes |
| Ductile | Can be stretched out into wires |
| Lustrous | The word used to describe the shiny appearance of metals when polished |
| Lattice | A structure consisting of a regular three dimensional pattern |
| Structure of a metal | Lattice of positive ions, through which a 'sea' of electrons are free to move |
| Metallic bonds | The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons |
| Ionic compounds | Compounds where the particles are joined by ionic bonds |
| Ionic bonds | Bonds formed between oppositely charged particles |
| Ion | A charged atom or group of atoms |
| Octet rule | Atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas |
| Oxide | \(O^{2-}\) |
| Hydroxide | \(OH^{-}\) |
| Nitrate | \(NO_3^{-}\) |
| Chloride | \(Cl^{-}\) |
| Bromide | \(Br^{-}\) |
| Iodide | \(I^{-}\) |
| Sulfate | \(SO_4^{2-}\) |
| Carbonate | \(CO_3^{2-}\) |
| Phosphate | \(PO_4^{3-}\) |
| Unit cell | The simplest way of drawing the arrangement of ions in the lattice |
| Bonds | Forces of attraction that hold atoms together |
| Cation | A positively charged ion |
| Anion | A negatively charged ion |
| Electrostatic forces | Forces of attraction between positively and negatively charged objects |
| Covalent bonds | Involve the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms |
| Molecule | The structure that results when two or more atoms are joined together by a covalent bond Eg: Water |
| Allotropes | Different physical forms of the same substance Eg. Diamond and graphite are contain covalent bonds between carbon atoms |
| Bonding in diamond | Carbon atoms connected to four other carbon atoms by a strong covalent bond. This forms a tetrahedral unit cell. All four of carbon's electrons are involved in bonding with another carbon atom |
| Bonding in graphite | Layers of carbon atoms, arranged in hexagonal rings. Strong covalent atoms between carbon atoms in rings, forces between layers. Delocalised system of electrons between the layers |
| Fullerene | A group of allotropes of carbon, made of balls, 'cages' or tubes of carbon atoms |
| Carbon nanotube | Molecular-scale tubes of graphite-like carbon |
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