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| Question | Answer |
| What is used to show the different types of earthquake wave? | A seismograph is used to show the different types of earthquake waves. |
| What do L waves do? | L waves travel around the surface very slowly. |
| What are P waves? | P waves are longitudinal pressure waves. |
| State two features of P waves. | - P waves travel through the Earth at between 5km/s and 8km/s. - P waves can pass through solids and liquids. |
| What are S waves? | S waves are transverse waves. |
| State two features of S waves. | - S waves can travel through the Earth at between 3km/s and 5.5km/s. - S waves can only pass through solids. |
| What happens to P waves as they travel through the Earth? | P waves travel through the Earth: - They are refracted by the core. |
| What means that scientists can work out the size of the Earth's core? | The paths taken by P waves mean that scientists can work out the size of the Earth's core. |
| Which type of wave are not detected on the opposite side of Earth to an earthquake? | S waves are not detected on the opposite side of Earth to an earthquake. |
| Why are S waves not detected on the opposite side of Earth to an earthquake? | S waves are not detected on the opposite side of Earth to an earthquake because they will not travel through liquid. |
| What does this tell scientists? | This tells scientists that the Earth's core is liquid. |
| What is a tan caused by? | A tan is caused by the action of ultraviolet light on the skin. |
| What is the name of the pigment produced by cells in the skin that produces a tan? | Cells in the skin produce melanin, a pigment that produce a tan. |
| Why do people with darker skin not tan as easily? | People with darker skin do not tan as easily because ultraviolet radiation is filtered out. |
| What can be used to reduce the risks of staying out in the Sun? | Use a sunscreen with a high SPF to reduce risks. |
| Write the word equation for maximum length of time to spend in the sun. | maximum length of time to spend in the Sun = published normal burn time x SPF |
| Fill the gaps: People are becoming more ..... of the dangers of ......... to ultraviolet radiation, including the use of ... beds. | People are becoming more aware of the dangers of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, including the use of sun beds. |
| What did scientists not believe at first? | At first scientists did not believe there was a thinning of the ozone layer. |
| Why did they think this? | They thought their instruments were faulty. |
| Who confirmed the results and increased confidence in the findings? | Other scientists confirmed the results and increased confidence in the findings. |
| Where is the ozone found? | Ozone is found in the stratosphere. |
| What does the ozone help to do? | Ozone helps to filter out ultraviolet radiation. |
| Which type of gases destroy the ozone and reduce the thickness of the ozone? | CFC gases from aerosols and fridges destroy the ozone and reduce the thickness of the ozone layer. |
| What does this do? | This increases the potential danger to humans. |
| Why is the ozone layer at its thinnest above the South Pole? | The ozone layer is at its thinnest above the South Pole because ozone depleting chemicals work best in cold conditions. |
| What do scientists use to monitor the thickness of the ozone layer? | Scientists use satellites to monitor the thickness of the ozone layer. |
| True or False? There is international agreement to reduce CFC emissions. | True. There is international agreement to reduce CFC emissions. |
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