8935312
Description
Flashcards by Victoria Wright, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Victoria Wright
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Truncus arteriosus | Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Bulbus cordis | Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Endocardial cushion | Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Primitive atrium | Trabeculated part of left and right atria |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Primitive ventricle | Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Primitive pulmonary vein | Smooth part of left atrium |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Left horn of sinus venosus | Coronary sinus |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Right horn of sinus venosus | Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum) |
| What does the following embryonic structure give rise to? Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein | Superior vena cava (SVC) |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk | Truncus arteriosus |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles | Bulbus cordis |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves | Endocardial cushion |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Trabeculated part of left and right atria | Primitive atrium |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles | Primitive ventricle |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Smooth part of left atrium | Primitive pulmonary vein |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Coronary sinus | Left horn of sinus venosus |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum) | Right horn of sinus venosus |
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the following? Superior vena cava (SVC) | Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein |
| What is the first functional organ in vertebrate embryos? | Heart |
| When does the heart first begin beating? | First functional organ in vertebrate embryos; beats spontaneously by week 4 of development |
| Heart Morphogenesis What is Cardiac looping? | Primary heart tube loops to establish left-right polarity |
| Heart Morphogenesis When does Cardiac looping begin? | Begins in week 4 of gestation. |
| Heart Morphogenesis Defect in left-right dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry) can lead to what? | Defect in left-right dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry) can lead to dextrocardia, as seen in Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia). |
| Heart Morphogenesis What defect can lead to dextrocardia, as seen in Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia). | Defect in left-right dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry) can lead to dextrocardia, as seen in Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia). |
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Explain 1
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Atria Septum primum grows toward endocardial cushions, narrowing foramen primum. |
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Explain 2
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Atria Foramen secundum forms in septum primum (foramen primum disappears) |
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Explain 3
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Atria Septum secundum develops as foramen secundum maintains right-to-left shunt. |
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Explain 4
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Atria Septum secundum expands and covers most of the foramen secundum. The residual foramen is the foramen ovale. |
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Explain 5
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Atria Remaining portion of septum primum forms valve of foramen ovale. |
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Explain 6 and 7 (Not shown)
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6. (Not shown) Septum secundum and septum primum fuse to form the atrial septum. 7. (Not shown) Foramen ovale usually closes soon after birth because of q LA pressure. |
| What is Patent foramen ovale caused by? | Caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth; most are left untreated. |
| What is caused by caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth? | Patent foramen ovale (most are left untreated) |
| What can lead to paradoxical emboli (venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation), similar to those resulting from an ASD? | Patent foramen ovale |
| What can Patent foramen ovale lead to? | Can lead to paradoxical emboli (venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation), similar to those resulting from an ASD. |
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Explain 1
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Ventricles Muscular interventricular septum forms. Opening is called interventricular foramen. |
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Explain 2
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Ventricles Aorticopulmonary septum rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form membranous interventricular septum, closing interventricular foramen |
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Explain 3
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Ventricles Growth of endocardial cushions separates atria from ventricles and contributes to both atrial septation and membranous portion of the interventricular septum. |
| What is a ventricular septal defect? | Most common congenital cardiac anomaly, usually occurs in membranous septum. |
| What is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly? | Ventricular septal defect |
| Where does a Ventricular septal defect usually occur? | Usually occurs in membranous septum. |
| How is the Outflow Tract formed? | Neural crest and endocardial cell migrations leads to truncal and bulbar ridges that spiral and fuse to form aorticopulmonary septum leading to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. |
| What Conotruncal abnormalities are associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate? | Transposition of great vessels. Tetralogy of Fallot. Persistent truncus arteriosus. |
| The following are associated with what? Transposition of great vessels. Tetralogy of Fallot. Persistent truncus arteriosus. | Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate. |
| How does the Aortic/Pulmonary Valve develop? | Derived from endocardial cushions of outflow tract |
| How does the Mitral/tricuspid valve develop? | Derived from fused endocardial cushions of the AV canal. |
| Valvular anomalies may be what? (4 possibilities) | Valvular anomalies may be stenotic, regurgitant, atretic (eg, tricuspid atresia), or displaced (eg, Ebstein anomaly) |
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