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Description
Flashcards by Natalia Cliff, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Natalia Cliff
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Aggression | behaviour aimed at harming others |
| Hormones | Chemicals released by our endocrine system that affects how our bodies function and how we behave |
| Chromosomes | The part of each cell that carries the genetic information from our parents |
| Limbic System | The parts of the brain that is associated with instinctive behaviour e.g. aggressive behaviour |
| Prefrontal Cortex | The very front of the brain. It is involved in social and moral behaviour and controls aggression |
| Brain Disease | Damage to the brain caused by illness or trauma |
| Biological Explanation of Aggression | -Men have more testosterone than women: they are more aggressive -Having an extra y-chromosome can make you more violent -Brain Disease affecting either the limbic system or the prefrontal cortex may lead to high levels of aggression |
| Thanatos | Drive to self-destruction, however, ego defense mechanisms redirect this drive outwardly this results in aggressive behaviour |
| Displacement | Channelling Thanatos into being aggressive towards other people |
| Sublimation | Channelling our aggression into other acceptable behaviour |
| Ego defence mechanism | Behaviour strategies used by the individual to protect itself |
| Psychodynamic Theory Explanation | -Freud suggested that Thanatos would suddenly turn into aggressive behaviour -He was contradicted as aggression needs something to trigger it -This trigger is frustration |
| Vicarious Learning | Learning by observation |
| Monitoring | Judging whether our own behaviour is appropriate or not |
| Punishment | A stimulus that weakens behaviour because it is unpleasant and we try to avoid it. |
| Social Learning Theory Explanation | -Can copy role models that act aggressively -Imitates behaviour -He monitors his own behaviour (thinks it's appropriate as he has seen role models do it) -Reinforcement increases likelihood of repetition |
| Young et al Aim | To see what effect hormones have on aggressive behaviour |
| Young et al Method | He injected pregnant rhesus monkeys with testosterone, and observed the levels of aggression in their offspring as they matured |
| Young et al Results | The high levels of testosterone in pregnancy made the females grow up and behave like male monkeys. They engaged in rough and tumble play and challenged the males for dominance in their group |
| Young et al Conclusion | Testosterone plays a vital part in aggressive behaviour |
| Barker Aim | To see the effect of frustration on aggressive behaviour |
| Barker Method | Children were kept waiting for a long time before they were allowed to play in a room full of attractive toys. Their behaviour was then observed. |
| Barker Results | The children were more aggressive and destructive than other children who had not been frustrated by being kept waiting |
| Barker Conclusion | Being frustrated does lead to an increase in aggression |
| Bandura et al Aim | To find out if 3 to 6 year old children would imitate the aggressive behaviour they see role models performing toward an inflatable bob doll |
| Bandura et al Method | Researchers divided 96 children into 4 groups. 3 were shown someone kicking, punching and throwing the bobo doll. Their own behaviour was then observed |
| Bandura et al Results | The children who had witnessed the aggressive behaviour showed more aggressive behaviour than children who had seen none |
| Bandura et al Conclusion | Children will copy how they see others behave |
| ADHD | A disorder characterised by short attention span, poor concentration and uncontrollable aggressive outbursts |
| Ritalin | A drug used to control ADHD |
| Psychosurgery | An operation on the brain to remove or destroy the part that is causing abnormal behaiour |
| Catharsis | The process of getting rid of your emotions by watching people experiencing emotions |
| Biological treatments for aggression | -drugs like Ritalin for ADHD -Psychosurgery (insert a probe into the precise location and heat up the end to kill the nerves) - destroys part of the limbic system but is a last resort as if mistakes are made brain tissue can't grow back |
| Psychodynamic treatments for aggression | -Sublimation, redirecting individuals to other safe activities (e.g. football) -Catharsis, watching aggressive things gets it out of your system |
| Bandura Aim | To see if observing a role model being punished would reduce the chance of aggression being copied |
| Bandura Method | Children were shown an adult model being either punished or reinforced for behaving aggressively |
| Bandura Results | Those children who saw the model being punished were less aggressive than those who saw the model reinforced. |
| Bandura Conclusion | If children see that aggression brings a punishment they will not copy it |
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