8626190
Description
Flashcards by Antonia Rout, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Antonia Rout
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why are drug trials carried out? | To find out if the drug is safe To find out if the drug is effective To find out the dosage of drugs needed |
| The stages of a drug trial | 1) Computer modelling 2) Testing on cells and tissues in the lab 3) Testing on animals. 4) Testing on healthy human volunteers 5) Testing on small number of patients with condition drug is designed to treat. 6) Testing on large number of patients with the condition. |
| How is the correct dosage for a drug determined using a clinical trial? | Very low doses of the drug are given at the start of the clinical trial. If the drug is found to be safe, further clinical trials are carried out to find the optimum (best) dose for the drug – this is the dose that is most effective and has few side effects. |
| What is a placebo? | A dummy drug that does not contain the chemical/drug being tested |
| Why is a placebo given? | It is given to a control group – so you can compare the effects of the placebo with the real drug. This helps to tell you whether the drug is effective (if it works) or whether any positive effects are psychological (in the mind) |
| How should a control group compare to other groups | A control is used as a comparison. The participants in a control group should be as similar as possible to the participants in other testing groups. For example they could be the same: age, gender, mass, in the same state of health / fitness / pain |
| What is a single blind trial? | Where the patient does not know who gets the placebo and who gets the drug, but the doctor does. |
| What is a double blind trial? | Where the patient and the doctor does not know who gets the placebo and who gets the drug. |
| What is the advantage of a double blind trial? | It avoids bias |
| Why is it important to include as many participants in a drugs trial as possible? | Makes data more reliable and valid (trustworthy) It makes the data collected more repeatable (Getting similar results if the same company is carrying out the trial again) or reproducible (Getting similar results if a different company is carrying out the trial again) |
| What is peer review? | The results of drug testing and drug trials aren’t published until they’ve been through peer review. This is when other scientists check that the work is valid and has been carried out rigorously. This helps to prevent false claims. |
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