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Description
Flashcards by Nicole Dane, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nicole Dane
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Gettier Cases | - A case of justified true belief that does not seem to be a case of knowledge. - In other words, it is a counter-example to the view that knowledge is justified true belief. |
| A Gettier Case: Job Example | - Smith and Jones have applied for the same job. Smith has strong evidence for: (1) Jones is the man who will get the job, and Jones has ten coins in his pocket which entails: (2) The man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket. Which Smith therefore accepts. - But Smith gets the job, and, unbeknownst to him, he had ten coins in his pocket. So (2) The man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket was true. And, as we’ve seen, Smith believed it, and was justified in believing it. - But does he know it? |
| A Gettier Case: Clock Example | - Russell (let’s say) looks at a clock that’s told the time reliably for years. It says 2:45. He concludes it is 2:45. And, indeed, it is 2:45. - But the clock stopped, exactly 12 hours ago. Russell believes it is 2:45, it is true that it is 2;45, and he was justified in believing it. - But does he know it? |
| Goldman's Causal Theory of Knowledge | S knows that p if - The fact p is causally connected in an “appropriate” way with S’s believing p. - “Appropriate” knowledge-producing causal processes include perception and memory. |
| The Hallucinogen: Collier | Unbeknownst to Smith, I administer a hallucinogenic drug to him. One of his hallucinations is that I have administered that very hallucinogenic drug to him. |
| The Earthquake: Preston | Smith arrives in Japan and finds a newspaper that has fallen from a vendor’s stand. It’s headline reads: “Earthquake rocks Japan.” And there had been an earthquake earlier that day. The newspaper, however, was 30 years old—but it had been dislodged from the newspaper stand by the earthquake earlier that day. |
| How are these examples Gettier-like? | 1. They aim to show that something that satisfies a particular account of knowledge (in this case the causal theory) does not seems to us to be knowledge. 2. They do so by describing cases whether the would-be knower seems to just be lucky in having the true belief she does. |
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