68158
Description
Flashcards by aleaguirre, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by aleaguirre
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Change Management System | a collection of procedures to document a change request and define the steps necessary to consider the change based on the expected impact of the change |
| Change Control Board (CCB) | responsible for approving or rejecting all change requests |
| Traditional Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) | -Original/traditional method for building information systems -Phased approach with formal stages -“Waterfall approach” -Formal division of labor between end-users and IT |
| Prototype | Preliminary model built rapidly and inexpensively; a small scale version of the system |
| Four Step Process of Prototyping | 1.Identify the user’s basic requirements 2.Develop an initial prototype 3.Use the prototype 4.Revise and enhance the prototype |
| End User Development | -End users create simple information systems with little or no assistance from technical specialists -Use fourth-generation languages, graphics languages, and PC software tools to access data, create reports, and develop information systems |
| Purchasing Solutions | -Purchase a software package from a commercial vendor -Generalized systems for universal functions with standard processes -Customization |
| onshore outsourcing | engaging another company within the same country for services |
| nearshore outsourcing | contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country |
| offshore outsourcing | using organizations from developing (or far-shore) countries to write code and develop systems |
| Rapid Application Development (RAD) | -Creating workable systems in a very short period of time -Utilize prototyping, visual programming techniques, reusable standardized SW components, and JAD techniques |
| JAD – Joint application design | End users and information systems specialists working together on design |
| Data Flow Diagram (Structured Methodologies/Tools) | represents the processes of a system and the flow of data between them |
| Process Specification (Structured methodologies/tools) | describe the transformation occurring within the lowest level of the data flow diagrams, showing the logic for each process |
| Structure Chart (Structured Methodologies/Tools) | a top-down chart showing each level of design, its relationship to other levels, and its place in the overall design structure |
| Object- Oriented Development | Uses the concept of an “object” as the basic unit of analysis and design – an object combines the data and the specific processes that operate on that data |
| Component-based development and Web services | a way to develop SW by using SW components for common functions to quickly develop system |
| Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) | -Provides software tools to automate some steps in the previously described methodologies -Reduces repetitive work in systems development |
| CASE tools facilitate | -clear documentation -coordination of team development efforts -modest productivity benefits if tools are used correctly |
| Project | a planned series of related activities for achieving a specific business objective |
| Project Management | application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to achieve targets within specified budget and time constraints |
| Project Management Variables | -Scope -Time -Cost -Quality -Risk |
| Project Selection | -must select the projects to pursue evaluate and compare the choices -Determine project costs and benefits Tangible benefits Intangible benefits Capital budgeting methods – ROI, NPV, IRR |
| Level of project risk is affected by | -Project size -Project structure -Required level of technical expertise |
| Overcoming user resistance | -Promote user participation -Pay attention to user interfaces and ergonomic issues -Conduct an Organizational Impact analysis |
| Gantt Chart | lists project activities along with their start and completion dates – visually represents the timing and duration of different tasks |
| PERT Chart | graphically depicts the project tasks and their interrelationships/dependencies |
| Parallel Conversion (Step 4) | using both old and new systems until it is evident that the new system performs correctly |
| Plunge (direct cutover) conversion (Step 4) | discard old system completely and start using new system |
| Pilot Conversion (Step 4) | implement new system in one department or location only until it is evident that the new system works |
| Phased Conversion (Step 4) | implement new system in phases or pieces |
| Production (Step 4) | -the actual use of the system in the real world setting - ongoing review of the system to determine how well it is meeting the Information Requirements and objectives to determine if any modifications are needed |
| Maintenance (Step 4) | - changes required to correct or enhance a system - different types of maintenance |
| Corrective Maintenance | repair defects or flaws in the design, coding or implementation |
| Adaptive Maintenance | increase system functionality to meet new business requirements |
| Perfective Maintenance | enhancements or improvements; desired but not necessarily required features |
| Preventative Maintenance | changes to reduce the chance of system failure |
| Change Management | a set of techniques that aid in evolution, composition, and policy management of the design and implementation of a system |
| System Development | Software that is built correctly can transform as the organization and its business transform |
| Causes of System Development project failure | -Missed deadlines -Going over budget -Unclear or missing business requirements -Users’ needs that weren’t met -Dissatisfied customers -Lack of support from top management |
| Four Steps to Building an Information System | 1.Define and understand the problem 2.Develop alternative solutions 3.Choose a solution 4.Implement the solution |
| Step 1: Defining and Understanding the Problem | What caused the problem? Why does it persist? Why hasn’t it been solved? What are the objectives of a solution? |
| Information Requirements | the detailed set of business requests that the system must meet in order to be successful and meet objectives |
| Step 2: Developing Alternative Solutions | Develop alternative solutions to achieve the objectives and Information Requirements that were identified |
| Step 3: Evaluating and Choosing Solutions | Conduct a Feasibility Study to determine whether each alternative is feasible and achievable |
| Step 4: Implementing the Solution | System design is the detailed design, model or blueprint for the system solution |
| Testing | system is thoroughly tested to determine it produces the right results/output |
| Unit Testing | detailed testing of individual computer programs or modules |
| System Testing | tests the performance of the information system as a whole |
| Acceptance testing | tests that the system is ready to be used in a production or “real” setting |
| Training (Step 4) | -For successful implementation to occur, users will require training so they will be able to use the new system -Different types of training are available: on-line, face-to-face, built-in “help” features, etc. |
| Documentation (Step 4) | -Shows how the system works from both a technical and end-user perspective -User manuals and reference guides -Installation procedures -Troubleshooting guides and procedures |
| Conversion (Step 4) | the process of changing from the old system to the new system |
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