61294
Description
Flashcards by alexlpeart, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by alexlpeart
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Give one thing that activates insulin release. Then 2 ways insulin decreases blood FFA. | High plasma glucose. Insulin increases the activity of LPL and decreases the activity of HSL. |
| Describe what happens to us when we are in a fed state. | Glucose, AA and fats enter from the gut. The AA are converted into proteins and small amounts of pyruvate. Glucose can be broken down in Glycolysis or stored as glycogen (in muscles or liver). Glucose is transported in the blood to the RBCs and brain where it it used for energy. |
| What happens when we are in a postabsorptive state? | We no longer have things coming from the gut. We are relying on our stores. glucose used in brain and RBCs. Glycogen stores in muscles and liver broken down as fuel. The lactate formed by the RBCs is transported back to the liver where is undergoes gluconeogenesis to form glucose. TG broken down from adipose tissue to glycerol and fatty acids. Fatty acids broken down in muscle and liver for energy. Glycerol taken to liver to undergo gluconeogenesis. |
| What happens when we are in a fasting state? | last glycogen stores in muscles broken down. Proteins broken down into amino acids. TG broken down in adipose tissue, fatty acids broken down for energy in muscles and liver. fatty acids broken down into ketones to fuel brain. |
| What is the Randle cycle? What is the mechanism preventing fat metabolism when Glycolysis is high? | The Randle cycle is a metabolic process involving the competition of glucose and fatty acids for substrates. acetyl-CoA is converted to Malonyl-CoA which inhibits CTPI |
| What happens when we are in a starving state? | No glycogen in muscles. Amino acids are catabolized as fuel. Fatty acids are also broken down. Glucose from the liver is used to fuel RBC. Fatty acids broken down into ketones to fuel the brain. |
| Even though we are using more proteins for energy production when we are in a starving state why does total protein degradation decreased from normal levels? | the rate of protein turnover decreases when in starvation to conserve energy. This means although we are breaking down proteins for energy we arnt breaking down and replacing proteins at the same rate so total protein degradation is lower during starvation compared to normal. This doesn't mean we have a +ve protein balance, we still have a large -ve protein balance. |
| Give some molecules that inhibt and stimulate AMPK production. | Inhibit AMPK = Insulin, ATP. Stimulate AMKP = AMP, Leptin, Glucagon |
| under what conditions might we expect ketogenesis to occur? | High rates of fatty acid oxidation. Low rates of CHO oxidation low TCA rate, accumulation of acetyl-CoA. |
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