5476547
Description
Flashcards by Angela Haché, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Angela Haché
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| When was ABO first discovered: | In 1901 by Karl Landsteiner |
| What is Landsteiner's law: | An individual will have regular, naturally occuring antibodies in his serum directed against the antigens lacking on his cell. |
| When can anti-A1 form: | When an individual is A2 |
| Why is the ABO system unique: | They are associated with regular naturally occurring antibodies. |
| Naturally occuring antibodies are also called: | Non red cell stimulated antibodies |
| There are two potential precursors on the red blood cell for ABH which vary: | Only in the type of linkage which attached the last sugar molecule. |
| What are the genes of the H system: | H and h (amorph) |
| What is the H antigen: | Precursor molecule on which A and B antigens are built. |
| When is the H substance formed on red blood cells: | When H glycosyl transferase adds a fucose molecule to the terminal galactose of type 2 precursor substance. |
| When is the H substance formed in the plasma: | When H glycosyl transferase adds a fucose molecule to the terminal galactose of type 1 precursor substance |
| Order of diminishing quantity of the amount of H antigen on red cells: | 1. O 2. A2 3. B 4. A2B 5. A1 6. A1B |
| What is the role of the Se gene: | It makes it possible for precurosr substances to be converted to H substance in the secretory cells. |
| What percentage of the population are secretors: | 78% |
| If a person is a secretor and is blood group O, what substances will be in the secretions: | H |
| If a person is a secretor and is blood group A, what substances will be in the secretions: | A, H |
| If a person is a secretor and is blood group B, what substances will be in the secretions: | B, H |
| If a person is a secretor and is blood group AB, what substances will be in the secretions: | A, B, H |
| What is the Bombay phenotype: | The red cell lacks H, A and B antigens |
| What is the symbol for Bombay: | Oh |
| Whant antibodies do Bombay individuals form | Anti-A, anti-B and anti-H |
| What is the definitive test to confirm Bombay individuals: | The absence of reactions when Bombay cells are tested with anti-H lectin of Ulex Europeus |
| What is important for patients who are AB positive: | They must be tested against inert AB plasma |
| What is the difference between A1 and A2 subgroup: | 1. there is more antigen sites on the A1 red blood cell 2. some A2 and A2B individuals do not recognize the A1 antigen and produce anti-A1 |
| How do you differentiate between A1 and A2: | 1. the reagent dolichos biflorus reacts only with A1 and A1B cells 2. prensence of anti-A1 in the patient's serum which is found to react with A1 cells in the reverse ABO grouping |
| The direct gene products in the ABO system are: | Glycosyl transferases |
| True or false: Bombay phenotype has a non-red cell stimulated anti-H: | True |
| True or false: Bombay phenotype inherits the h gene in the homozygous state: | True |
| True or false: Bombay phenotype may have inherited an A or B gene, though A and B antigens are not produced | True |
| True or false: Bombay phenotype can receive blood from a group O person | False |
| True or false: Bombay phenotype can have A or B transferase enzymes | True |
| What are the controls used for anti-A: | 1. positive: A2 or AB 2. negative: B or O |
| What are the controls used for anti-B: | 1. positive: B or AB 2. negative: A or O |
| What are the controls used for A1 cells: | 1. positive: anti-A 2. negative: anti-B |
| What are the controls used for A2 cells: | 1. positive: anti-B 2. negative: anti-A1 |
| What is the frequency of A1 and A2: | 1. A1: 80% 2. A2: 20% |
| What are the quality control of the A subgrouping reagents: | 1. positif: Anti-A1 must agglutinate known A red blood cells 2. negatif: anti-A1 must not agglutinate cells which lack A1 antigen (A2 red blood cells is most appropriate) |
| True or false: Antibodies in the ABO system may be non RBC stimulated | True |
| True or false: Antibodies in the ABO system may be RBC stimulated | True |
| True or false: Antibodies in the ABO system may cause transfusion reactions | True |
| True or false: Antibodies in the ABO system may cause HDN | True |
| True or false: The reverse grouping in ABO grouping should always agree with the forward grouping | True |
| True or false: The reverse grouping in ABO grouping tests for the antigens present on the RBC | False |
| True or false: The reverse grouping in ABO grouping demonstrates the reciprocal relationship between antigen and antibodies in the system | True |
| True or false: The reverse grouping in ABO grouping must include the use of anti-A,B | False |
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