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| Question | Answer |
| What is the absorption properties of Alpha radiation? | Highly ionising therefor easily absorbed by air and thin paper |
| What is the absorption properties of Beta radiation? | Quite ionising so absorbed by about 3mm of aluminium |
| What is the absorption properties of Gamma radiation? | Very weakly ionising so absorbed by many cm of lead or concrete |
| What do particle detectors depend on? | The ability of particles to cause ionisation |
| What is an example of an early particle detectors? | Cloud chambers |
| How do cloud chambers work? | Ethanol vapor is saturated so it readily condenses especially when cooled Ions created by radioactive particles provide ideal sites for condensation to begin The tracks formed are lines of liquid droplets |
| In a cloud chamber what is the appearance of the tracks of an alpha particle? | Straight- showing they are massive enough not to be easily deflected Thick- Showing they are powerful ionisers Fixed lengths- Showing alphas are emitted from a source containing certain amounts of energy |
| In a cloud chamber what is the appearance of the tracks of a Beta particle? | Many changes in direction- Beta particles are very light and easily deflected Thin- Not strong ionisers Different lengths- Beta particles are emitted with a range of energies |
| In a cloud chamber what is the appearance of the tracks of Gamma radiation? | Gamma rays cause little ionisation and so are not easily detected by cloud chambers |
| How do bubble chambers work? | Liquid hydrogen is kept under pressure to stop it evaporating When pressure is released any ions formed by particles provide ideal sites for gas bubbles to form As the particles are passing through liquid hydrogen not air they are slowed down |
| Why are bubble chambers ideal? | Allow you to investigate very short lived particles which decay soon after being created and the products of collisions between particles |
| What are some sources of background radiation? | Cosmic radiation Grounds and buildings Man made radiation Living things |
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