5040409
Description
Flashcards by Jenna Lehmann, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jenna Lehmann
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the main components of the Triple-Vulnerability Model? | -Generalized Biological Vulnerability -General Psychological Vulnerability -Specific Psychological Vulnerability |
| What does Biological Vulnerabilities mean? (Triple-Vulnerability Model) | The tendency to be uptight or high-strung is to some degree inheritable (this is based on twin studies about specific vs general risk, longitudinal studies of temperament, and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) activity). |
| What is the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)? | A system in the brain that: - is triggered by signals for punishment, non-reward, and novelty - leads to the narrowing of attention, increase in vigilance, alertness, and possible activation of fight-flight response |
| What is General Psychological Vulnerability? | A sense of impending, uncontrollable, and unpredictable threat or danger. This can be related to one's perceptions of control, early parenting behavior (modeling of responses to threat and rewarding anxious responses), and parental anxiety or negative affect. This can include Hypervigilance and Gofnigive Biases (Attention bias and Interpretation bias) |
| What is Attention Bias? | Tendency to selectively attend to signals of threat (Stroop tasks, dot-probe tasks). |
| What is Interpretation Bias? | Tendency to more readily interpret ambiguous situations as threatening. |
| What is Specific Psychological Vulnerability? | Specific focus of anxiety grows out of early experiences (learning what is dangerous). |
| What nervous system is activated when a danger or threat is perceived or anticipated? | Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) - Brain sends messages to the automatic nervous system -SNS prepares body for action by releasing adrenaline and noradrenaline -Effects of these chemicals may endure even after the danger has passed |
| What nervous system is activated after a danger or threat has passed? | Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) which stops SNS activity by breaking down adrenaline and noradrenaline and initiating a relaxation response (not always immediate but inevitable) |
| What are two possible causes for a Panic attack? | -Misappraisal of anxiety symptoms - Fear of anxiety symptoms |
| What are the DSM-V requirements of a Panic Disorder? | 1. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks 2 At least one attack followed by > or = one month of persistent concern or worry about additional attacks of consequences and significant maladaptive change in behavior 3. Not due to physiological effects of substance 4. Rule out other mental disorders (What is the nature of the avoidance?) |
| What are some treatments of panic disorder? | -Cognitive Restructuring: reappraisal of bodily sensations -Breathing Retraining -Interoceptive Exposure |
| What are "Obsessions" in OCD? | Thoughts that are intrusive, recurrent, persistent, and anxiety-evoking. |
| What are "Compulsions" in OCD? | Behaviors that are either overt or covert, repetitive, one feels driven to perform, and anxiety reducing. |
| What are some treatments for Anxiety Disorders? | - Medication: Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium), SSRI's (Zoloft, Prozac), other anti-depressants (Imipramine, MAOI's) - Psychological Interventions: Exposure with response prevention, cognitive therapy/restructuring, relaxation training, coping skills. |
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