Reactions of Alkenes and Electrophillic Addition

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AS - Level Chemistry (13 - Alkenes) Flashcards on Reactions of Alkenes and Electrophillic Addition, created by Bee Brittain on 13/03/2016.
Bee Brittain
Flashcards by Bee Brittain, updated more than 1 year ago
Bee Brittain
Created by Bee Brittain over 8 years ago
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Question Answer
Name four addition reactions of alkenes - Hydrogenation - Hydration - Halogenation - Alkene + Hydrogen Halide
What is added to an alkene in a hydrogenation reaction? What is formed? Are there any required conditions? Alkene + Hydrogen --> Alkane A nickel catalyst is required, and a temperature of 423 Kelvin
What is added to an alkene in a hydration reaction? What is the product formed? Are there any required conditions? Alkene + Water (steam) --> Alcohol The water added has to be in a gaseous state - steam. This reaction also requires the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst = H2PO4
What reacts with an alkene in a halogenation reaction? What is the product formed? Are there any required conditions for this reaction? Alkene + Halogen --> Haloalkane The halogen is something like: Br2 or Cl2 and the reaction is done at room temperature
What reacts with an alkene in a hydrogen halide reaction? What is the product formed? Are there any required conditions for this reaction? Alkene + Hydrogen Halide = Haloalkane The hydrogen halide could be; HBr or HCl. If the alkene is gaseous, the reaction goes as normal but if alkene is liquid, the hydrogen halide is bubbled through it.
In an addition reaction what happens? e.g, what bond(s) is broken? In an addition reaction, a small molecule is added to the double bond, causing it to break and new bonds to form
Define the term 'electrophile' An electrophile is an electron pair acceptor
How come electrophillic addition occurs? Electrophillic addition occurs because the pi-bond have a high electron density, and so attract electrophiles
State very simply, the basis of Markovnikoff's Rule Markovnikoff's Rule states that there could be a primary or secondary carbocation formed, and as you go from primary to secondary (e.c.t) the carbocation gets more stable
Draw out and label with all appropriate curly arrows, the electrophillic addition mechanism for ethene and chlorine
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