4838002
Description
Flashcards by Bee Brittain, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bee Brittain
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Name four addition reactions of alkenes | - Hydrogenation - Hydration - Halogenation - Alkene + Hydrogen Halide |
| What is added to an alkene in a hydrogenation reaction? What is formed? Are there any required conditions? | Alkene + Hydrogen --> Alkane A nickel catalyst is required, and a temperature of 423 Kelvin |
| What is added to an alkene in a hydration reaction? What is the product formed? Are there any required conditions? | Alkene + Water (steam) --> Alcohol The water added has to be in a gaseous state - steam. This reaction also requires the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst = H2PO4 |
| What reacts with an alkene in a halogenation reaction? What is the product formed? Are there any required conditions for this reaction? | Alkene + Halogen --> Haloalkane The halogen is something like: Br2 or Cl2 and the reaction is done at room temperature |
| What reacts with an alkene in a hydrogen halide reaction? What is the product formed? Are there any required conditions for this reaction? | Alkene + Hydrogen Halide = Haloalkane The hydrogen halide could be; HBr or HCl. If the alkene is gaseous, the reaction goes as normal but if alkene is liquid, the hydrogen halide is bubbled through it. |
| In an addition reaction what happens? e.g, what bond(s) is broken? | In an addition reaction, a small molecule is added to the double bond, causing it to break and new bonds to form |
| Define the term 'electrophile' | An electrophile is an electron pair acceptor |
| How come electrophillic addition occurs? | Electrophillic addition occurs because the pi-bond have a high electron density, and so attract electrophiles |
| State very simply, the basis of Markovnikoff's Rule | Markovnikoff's Rule states that there could be a primary or secondary carbocation formed, and as you go from primary to secondary (e.c.t) the carbocation gets more stable |
| Draw out and label with all appropriate curly arrows, the electrophillic addition mechanism for ethene and chlorine |
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