46726
Description
Flashcards by Mark Arsenal, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mark Arsenal
about 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Explain the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle: | This is where Oxaloacetate is reduced two Malate where it gains 2 electrons from NADH. Malate (carrying the electrons) crosses into the Matrix whereby it is oxidised donating the 2 electrons tp NAD+ forming NADH Oxaloacetate again in the Matrix which is converted to Aspartate which leaves the Matrix once again. Thus we now have NADH in the Matrix fro ETC breakdown. |
| How does the NADH from Glycolysis (the Cytisol of the cell) enter the ETC? | The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane lacks a transport protein allowing NADH from the cytisol to enter the cell, thus we use the Glycerophosphate Shuttle and the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle. |
| Explain the Glycerophosphate Shuttle: | NADH cannot cross the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane thus it donates two electrons to Dihydroxacetone Phosphate which forms Glycerol 3 Phosphate which can cross the Outer Membrane. When it reaches the Inner Membrane it donates these carried electrons through Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase to FAD+ in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane thus forming FADH which enters the ETC cycle through Complex 2. |
| How much energy do NADH and FADH carry? | 1 NADH carries 10 protons= 2.5ATP per NADH 1 FADH carries 6 protons= 1.5ATP per FADH (4 Protons per ATP) |
| What is the process? | Breakdown of energy rich NADH and FADH. |
| Where does the ETC take place? | Inner Mitochondrial Membrane |
| What are the 5 complexes? | 1) NADH Dehydrogenase 2) Succinate- CoQ Reductase 3) Cytochrome B-C1 4) Cytochrome C Oxidase 5) ATP Synthase |
| What are the 2 carriers, and between what complex's do they run? | Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) Which runs between Complex's 1,2 and 3 (NADH enters through Complex 1 and FADH enters through compex 2) It carries electrons from both complexes to complex 3. Cytochrome C Which runs between complex 3 and 4. |
| Brief Explanation of the process: | NADH and FADH are high energy electron donors which pass through a series of complex's which creates a proton gradient across the membrane which causes electrons to flow through ATP Synthase to generate ATP. |
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