Ecology

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11 Science Flashcards on Ecology, created by A P on 05/01/2014.
A P
Flashcards by A P, updated more than 1 year ago
A P
Created by A P over 10 years ago
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Question Answer
ecology study of how organisms react with each other and their environment
what are the levels of organization individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
what are the biomes? (The Bad Cook Made Fancy Dried Grapes) tundra, boreal, coniferous, marine, freshwater, deciduous, grasslands
two main types of ecosystems? aquatic and terrestrial
biodiversity number of different organisms in an area
biome large geographical region that has particular types of organisms and climate
deciduous forest -trees that lose their leaves in the fall -southern ontario -fertile soil -longer growing season -100cm precipitation wolves, bears, squirrels, shrubs, ferns, insects, woodepeckers, -
boreal forests -taiga -have trees with cones and needles -northern ontario -changeable weather -acidic soil -40cm precipitation -wolves, snowshoe hares, deer, birds, coniferous trees
tundra -no trees, only small shrubs, grasses, moss, lichen -ontario's northern coastline -permafrost -short growing season -mosses, lichen, foxes, caribou, polar bears
grasslands -few trees but many grasses and shrubs -Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta -25-75cm precipitation -high temp. -rich fertile soil -moles, mice, snakes, bison, hawks, grasshoppers, grasses
temperate coniferous forests -more types of cone and needle bearing trees than boreal -west BC, coastal regions -150-340cm precipitation (varies with elevation) -diverse plant life -high biomass levels -long degrading time
marine biome -oceans -coral reefs, ocean floor, intertidal zones -high salt -Ontario (the bays)
freshwater biomes -low salt -lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands -great lakes and st.lawrence
Earth's spheres -atmosphere -hydrosphere -lithosphere -biosphere
parts of a food chain producer, consumer(carnivore, omnivore and herbivore), scavenger, detrivore, decomposer
how much energy is passed on through each interaction? 10%
limiting factors? -nutrients -space -water -energy -predators
nutrients substances an organism uses to build and repair the cells of its body
parts of the water cycle? evaporation, condensation, precipitation, run-off, seepage, aquifers, transpiration, root uptake
factors in survival of organisms? competition, predation, symbiosis (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism)
biotic potential maximum number of offspring a species could produce if resources were unlimited
bioaccumulation a toxic substance enters the food chain (pesticide or heavy metal)
biomagnification substance stays in food chain and is passed on from animal to animal, increasing in concentration
Changes in new pesticides: -soluble in water, not stored i fats of animals -broken down in the liver and excreted -break down quicker, must be applied often
Cons of newer pesticides: -not selective -like nerve gas
resistance? some insects have genes which give them the ability to survive certain pesticides
resistance after pesticides? -eventually whole insect population will be resistant -survivors can reproduce quickly without competition
sustainable use using an ecosystem's resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
major cause of decreased biodiversity 1)habitat change 2)overexploitation 3)pollution 4)invasive species 5)climate change
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