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Description
Flashcards by Josefina Gonzalez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Josefina Gonzalez
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Vaccines can be divided into _____________ and ___________ vaccines. | live, attenuated; nonreplicating |
| The earliest host response to vaccination is: | an innate immune response. |
| Protection against bioterrorism | Anthrax vaccine |
| Human papillomavirus vaccine | Protection against cervical cancer |
| Cytomegalovirus vaccine | Not available for preventing congenital infection |
| DNA-based vaccine | Hay fever vaccine |
| Influenza vaccine | Annual vaccination required |
| Leukemia vaccine | Successful in cats |
| Polio vaccine | Has reduced disease by 99% |
| Smallpox vaccine | Given to high-risk individuals |
| Members of the Streptococcus pyogenes species are almost always ________-hemolytic. | beta |
| A characteristic of necrotizing fasciitis is that it: | all of the above: a. is known as the “flesh-eating” bacteria. b. is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. c. destroys the tissue covering the muscles. |
| Streptolysin O is: | the most frequently used serologic indicator of a recent streptococcal infection. |
| Streptolysin S is: | an oxygen-stable enzyme. |
| Laboratory diagnosis of S. pyogenes can be made by: | all of the above: a. culturing of throat or nasal specimens. b. ASO procedure. c. anti–DNase B (ADN-B) |
| An elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer indicates: | relatively recent streptococcal infection. |
| Most patients who have Streptococcus pyogenes infection begin to demonstrate a rise in antibody titer in ______days. | 7 |
| The classic antistreptolysin O (ASO) procedure has been replaced by: | optical immunoassay procedure. |
| Serologic testing for S. pyogenes should compare acute and convalescent specimens collected ________ apart. | 3 weeks |
| The principle of the optical immunoassay involves: | anti-GAS (antibody) being attached (immobilized) to a thin film |
| Syphilis develops in which percentage of the sexual partners of persons with syphilitic lesions? | 30% to 50% |
| In infected donor blood, Treponema pallidum does not appear to survive in citrated blood stored at 4° C for more than _____day(s). | 3 |
| Before clinical or serologic manifestations, the incubation period for syphilis usually lasts ______________________. | about 3 weeks |
| The term for nontreponemal antibodies produced by syphilis-infected patients against components of their own or other mammalian cells is: | reagin antibodies |
| The nontreponemal antibody produced by syphilis-infected patients can also be produced by patients with: | all of the above: a. other infectious diseases. b. leprosy, tuberculosis, leptospirosis, or malaria. c. autoimmune disorders, drug addiction, or old age. |
| Tertiary syphilis is best evaluated by using: | cerebrospinal fluid. |
| The substance detected by the RPR assay is: | a reagin. |
| Untreated congential syphilis can lead to: | all of the above: a. stillbirth. b. neonatal death. c. infant disorders. |
| A biological false-positive reaction is least likely to occur with which syphilis assay? | both b and c: b. MHA-TP. c. FTA-ABS. |
| If an RPR assay is negative but has a rough appearance, what is an appropriate follow-up step? | Repeat the assay with serial dilutions. |
| What is the causative agent of Lyme disease? | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Most cases of Lyme disease in the United States remain concentrated in the ________ regions. | all of the above: a. northeastern b. north-central c. Pacific coastal |
| The CLIA-waived procedure for presumptive testing for Lyme disease is which of the following? | PreVue assay for Borrelia burgdorferi |
| White-footed mouse | Preferred host for larval and nymphal stages of Ixodes scapularis |
| White-tailed deer | Preferred host for I. scapularis adult stage |
| Electrophoresis is defined as | both a and b: a. migration of charged solutes in an electrical field. b. migration of charged particles in an electrical field. |
| Separation of proteins by electrophoresis is based on: | rate of migration of individual components in an electrical field. |
| In immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), when a favorable antigen-antibody ratio (equivalence point) is reached, the antigen-antibody complex becomes visible as: | all of the above: a. precipitation lines. b. precipitation bands c. a line representing one specific protein. |
| Differentiation of proteins using immunoelectrophoresis is based on: | all of the above: a. electrophoretic mobility. b. diffusion coefficient. c. antibody specificity. |
| The immunoelectrophoresis of a normal serum typically depicts IgM, IgG, and IgA bands, but IgD and IgE bands are missing because of: | normal concentrations of IgD and IgE are too low to be detected. |
| A monoclonal gammopathy is: | all of the above: a. frequently diagnosed condition using immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). b. condition in which a single clone of plasma cells produces increased levels of a single class of immunoglobulin. c. condition in which a single clone of plasma cells produces increased levels of a single type of immunoglobulin. |
| Monoclonal gammopathies can be observed in: | all of the above: a. malignancy. b. multiple myeloma. c. macroglobulinemia. |
| The most common application of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) of urine is: | demonstration of Bence Jones (BJ) protein. |
| The difference between polyvalent and monovalent antisera is that polyvalent antisera: | both a and b: a. confirm the presence of major factors. b. confirm the presence or absence of factors. |
| The primary application of immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is for: | characterization of monoclonal immunoglobulins |
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