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| Question | Answer |
| 1. What are the domains of life? | 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya |
| 2. What is the branch of biology that names and classifies organisms? | taxonomy |
| 3. What does the scientific name consist of? | The genus and the species |
| 4. Modern Classification Emphasizes Patterns of ___________________. | Evolutionary Descent |
| 5. What are the 8 major categories of the Linnaeus classification system? | domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species |
| 6. What are clades? | They are groups named by systematists that include species linked by decent from a common ancestor. |
| 7. What are the clades or families of the Eukarya Domain? | 1. The Protists 2. The Plantae 3. The Fungi 4. The Animalia |
| 8. Describe Prokaryotes | They are single celled organisms that lack organelles such as nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria |
| 27. Which two domains consist entirely of prokaryotes? | Bacteria and Archaea |
| 9. How are Prokaryotes classified? | 9. shape, means of locomotion, pigments, nutrient requirements, the appearance of colonies, and staining properties. |
| 10. What has improved our understanding of the evolutionary history within the prokaryotic domains? | Comparison of DNA and RNA nucleonic sequences |
| 11. What is the understanding of the robust classification of prokaryotes? | It is a work in progress |
| 12. What are the three common prokaryote shapes? | 1. Spherical bacteria 2. Rod-shaped bacteria 3. Corkscrew-shaped bacteria |
| 13. What are traits that allow prokaryotes to survive and reproduce? | Motility, biofilms, protective endospores, specialized for extreme habitats, diverse metabolisms, produce by binary fission, may exchange genetic material without reproducing |
| 14. What feature allows Bacteria and Archaea prokaryotes to have motility? | Most have flagella at one end or scattered all over the cell. They can rotate rapidly and propel the organism through its liquid environment. |
| 15. How do bacterial biofilms affect humans? | tooth decay, gum disease, and ear infections |
| 16. What major disease's bacteria form endospores that can be easily dispersed by terrorists? | Anthrax |
| 17. What is unique about anaerobic prokaryotes? | They don't require oxygen. |
| 18. What is the main characteristic of an aerobic prokaryote? | It requires oxygen at all times. |
| 19. True or False - Most prokaryotes reproduce asexually. | True |
| 20. Under ideal conditions some prokaryotic cells can divide so rapidly that sextillion offspring can arise in one day. What are the implications? | New mutations can arise and reproduce quickly |
| 21. What is conjugation and what are sex pili? | Conjugation in prokaryotes is the transfer of DNA from one cell to another via a temporary connection. Sex pili are specialized extensions of bacteria donor cells that attach to a recipient cell, drawing it closer to allow conjugation. |
| 22. What are the main functions of prokaryotes in the cycle of life? | They help plants and animals obtain vital nutrients and help break down and recycle wastes and dead organisms. We could not survive without prokaryotes. |
| 23. How do prokaryotes help animals digest food? | The reside inside the animals in the digestive tract and break down the food so the animal can obtain the nutrients. |
| 24. How do prokaryotes get nitrogen to plants so they can grow? | There are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in soil and in specialized nodules. These bacteria capture nitrogen gas from air trapped in the soil and combine it with hydrogen to produce ammonium which is a nitrogen-containing nutrient that plants can use directly. |
| 31. Protozoa that lack trophic organelles are classified under: | A. Ciliophora B. Sporozoa C. Rhizopoda D. Flagellata |
| 25. The highest degree of differentiation in the body is reached in: | A. Paramecium B. Euglena C. Trypanosoma D. Amoeba |
| 26. The primary grouping of protozoa is based upon their: | A. Their feeding habits B. Mode of reproduction C. Mode of locomotion D. Mode of nutrition |
| 28. African sleeping sickness is caused by: | A. Giardia intestinalis B. Leishmania donovania C. Trypanosom gambiense D. Entamoeba histolytica |
| 40. An example of a dimorphic protozoan is: | A. Amoeba proteus B. Parmeceium C. Polystomella D. Plasmodium |
| 29. Besides erythrocytes, the plasmodium attacks one more type of cell in our body; these are | A. Muscle cells B. Nerve cells C. Kidney cells D. Hepatocytes cells |
| 30. Contractile vacuole is present in: | A. Marine protozoa B. Fresh water protozoans C. Both A and B D. Parasitic protozoa |
| 32. The body cavity of Ascaris is pseudocoel because: | A. It contains large cells termed pseudocelocytes B. It is bound externally by muscle layers and internally by intestines C. It has very little parenchyma. D. It is filled with pseudocoelomic fluid. |
| 33. Ascaris lumbricoides lives in the intestine of: | A. Sheep and Goat B. Monkey C. homo sapiens D. Pig |
| 34. During the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides, the intermediate host is: | A. Cattle B. Snail C. Man D. None of the above |
| 35. The lifespan of Ascaris is: | A. More than 30 days B. About one year C. Six months D. 8 to 12 Months |
| 36. The infected stage of Ascaris is: | A. The egg B. The fourth juvenile C. The second juvenile D. The adult worm itself |
| 37. The exterior of the Ascaris is covered with: | A. Pellicle B. Epidermis C. Sclerites D. Cuticle |
| 38. The phenomenon by which male and female sexes could be differentiated morphologically is called: | A. Variation B. Polymorphism C. sexual dimprphism D. none of these |
| 39. The disease caused by the hook worm is called: | A. Ascariasis B. Elephantiasis C. Ancylostomiasis D. Enterobiasis |
| 41. Platyhelminthes are best described as: | A. flatworms, triploblastic, acoelomate animals B. flatworms diploblastic, acoelomates C. flatworms, triploblastic, coelomates D. flatworms,triploblastic, pseudocoelomates animals |
| 42. An important characteristic the Platyhelminthes share with the acnidarians is | A. diploblastic condition B. single cavity communicating with the exterior C. three germ layers and no coelom. D. presence of complicated reproductive system. |
| 43. Free living Platyhelminthes forms belong to the class: | A. Cestoda B. Trematoda C. Terbellaria D. Nematoda |
| 44. In helminthes, flame cells are a component of their: | A. Reproductive system B. Excretory system C. Nervous system D. Respiratory system |
| 45. Fasciola hepatica is an endoparasite that lives in the: | A. liver of sheep B. blood of sheep C. spleen of sheep D. intestine of sheep |
| 46. The intermediate host in the life cycle of Taenia saginata is: | A. Pig B. Goat C. Dog D. Cattle |
| 47. Taenia solium lacks alimentary canal because: | A. It does not require any food. B. it lives in the intestine. C. It has saprozoic mode of feeding. D. None of the above. |
| 48. Which of the following is called the "blood fluke" of man? | A. Taenia B. Paragonium C. Fasciola D. Schistoma |
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