16857457
Description
Flashcards by Olivia Paul, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Olivia Paul
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| adaptions | evolution of features that make a group of organisms better suited to live and reproduce in their environment |
| allele | alternate form of a gene |
| biogeography | study of the past and present distribution of species |
| Charles Darwin | British naturalist during the nineteenth century who helped develop the theory of evolution and wrote the book The Origin of Species |
| comparative anatomy | comparison of the anatomy of different species |
| comparative embryology | comparison of the embryo development across species |
| convergent evolution | separate organisms not related independently evolve similar traits due to living in similar environments |
| divergent evolution | buildup of differences between related species populations, leading to speciation |
| evolution | change in traits of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection; all species are related and gradually change over time |
| cladogram | branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species |
| fitness | ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate and produce offspring |
| fossil | remains or impressions of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock |
| genotypes | genetic makeup of a cell, which determines one of its characteristics |
| homologous structures | an organ or bone that appears in different animals, shows anatomical similarities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor |
| isolation | little genetic mixing between organisms of the same species; result of isolation mechanisms that prevent successful reproduction |
| molecular | relating to or consisting of molecules |
| trait | a feature of an organism |
| vestigial structure | structure in organism that has lost its original function due to evolution |
| mutation | changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in new form that can be passed down to offspring |
| natural selection | process where organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| phenotype | set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its phenotype with the environment |
| phylogeny | study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities - often species, individuals or genes |
| population | number of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic area |
| sexual reproduction | mode of reproduction involving the fusion of a female gamete and male gamete, forms a zygote that develops into an offspring |
| speciation | formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution |
| species | largest group of organisms where two individuals of the appropriate mating types can produce fertile offspring |
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