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Flashcards by penguin tdoong, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by penguin tdoong
over 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Motion | The act of movement |
| Vector | An example of a vector is force. A vector is a measure that possesses both direction and size. Vectors can be shown with an arrow. |
| Newton | This is the SI unit for force. Newton equals 1 kg times m/s squared and is the force needed to source a mass of 1kg to accelerate at 1 m/s squared. Newton was named after Sir Isaac Newton for his famous laws of gravity and motion. |
| Force | Force is basically a push or pull acting on an object. |
| Newton's Third Law of Motion | "states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction". |
| Action Force | First to occur and creates an equal and opposite reaction. |
| Reaction Force | Reacts to the action with equal strength but in the opposite direction. |
| What are the several basic forces in the universe? | The several basic forces in the universe which include the force of gravity, EM (electromagnetic) force and strong and weak nuclear forces. Yet for the motion of everyday objects, the forces of interest include mostly gravity, applied force, and friction. |
| What are some patterns to be found in collisions? | Some patterns include; objects hit hard surfaces, different materials colliding, objects are usually fragile, in order to have a collision, one object must be moving. |
| What are some factors and variables that might cause damage in a collision? | Some factors and variables include; force (higher force, more damage), gravity, weight + mass, surface object collides or comes in contact with, speed + acceleration (how fast its changing its speed), density (how compact it is), angle (where it collides - (corner, face-front, etc.), environment (water, land, etc.), times it has collided, strength of object, texture + material, applied force, amt. of use, shape of object |
| If you picked a collision, that caused damage, how would the interactions between the same objects have to change to not cause damage in a collision? | The interactions between the same objects have to change to cause damage in a collision by the pic applying a more harmful force on the strings that would put it out of tune or even loosen the strings. |
| What are changes you can see and interactions you cannot see with a result in damage (in a collision)? | Changes we can see: Damage, glass breaking, fire, finger bending/breaking, change in speed - Interactions we cannot see: Changes in force, details of damage, molecular changes, electrical changes, particles reacting to force, energy transfer |
| What are changes you can see and interactions you cannot see with a result in no damage (in a collision)? | Changes we can see: motion/change position, vibrations, bounce - Interactions we cannot see: Force, Energy |
| What changes can we see in timepoint #2 (in a collision with damage)? | Knocked down, Breaking, laying on ground, Dent, Burn, Recoil, Expansion of damage, Glass Shards, Cracks, Crying |
| What are some changes we can see in timepoint #2 (in a collision with no damage)? | Same look as the start, Change position, Recoil/Bounce Back, Change in shape, Temporary Changes |
| Investigation Ideas: COLLISION Q: How does the applied force affect the damage of an object? | Independent Variable: Different applied forces Dependent Variable: Damage of object Control/Constant Variable(s): Type of object, item/floor colliding with object, enviornment; (room temp, lighting, etc.) |
| 1. What did you notice about the motion or shape of colliding objects? | I noticed that the larger the object, the more damage it would create after colliding. |
| 2. What challenges did you face? | Some of the challenges we faced were the smaller objects not colliding with the other object since they were too small. In addition, the smaller debree kept flying everywhere. |
| 3. How could we study collisions more easily? | We could study collisions more easily by having the two objects in an enclosed space to prevent things from flying and possibly causing injuries and reducing clean up. We could also record the collision and slow the footage to study it more efficiently. |
| 4. | I predict that the systems will push back (recoil) and slow down after colliding with each other, kind of like a shock wave creating an opposite movement between the two objects. It could also flip over or cause damage depending on the force applied. |
| 4. What patterns did you notice for change in "Changes in Shape? Did you always use changes in shape? | The patterns I noticed was that the change in shape was due to the drastic damage from the applied force. Therefore meaning that the more force applied, the greater and more noticeable damage. |
| What might be causing the changes in motion and changes in shape of colliding objects. | When objects/systems collide energy transfer(cause) which results in a change of motion(effect). When objects/systems collide applied force(cause) which results in a change of shape(effect). |
| Do you think applying any amount of force to any solid object would cause it to bend? | I think applying any type of force to a solid object would cause it to bend because, for example, even by touching something your causing a temporary change in the material molecularly. |
| How could we design an investigation like the engineers did with the concrete beam test to figure out if any amount of force would cause any solid object to start bending or changing shape? | We could design an investigation like the concrete beam test by taking two objects and having one apply force (or both!) and record and then seeing the recording and observing the objects to see if there was a change in shape. (Like a slab of wood and metal) |
| Sir Isaac Newton discovered three basic laws of motion. What are they? | "The First Law says that objects at rest and objects in motion will remain at rest or in motion, unless they are acted upon by an "unbalanced force" "The Second Law says that when a force acts on a mass, acceleration is produced. The greater an objects's mass is, the more force is needed to accelerate it." ... "including his Third Law Of Motion. It reads: "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. A simpler way of saying this might be: "When you push an object it pushes back." For every force, in other words there is a reaction force equal in size" - ReadWorks |
| 8. According to the passage, in order for LeBron James to score a slam-dunk, what must he exert? | In order for LeBron James to score a slam-dunk, LeBron must exert a certain amount of force against the surface of the basketball court. |
| 9. When LeBron James jumps, he is driving force into the court. How is this force created? | This force is created by the energy stored inside LeBron's muscles. Additionally, how high he jumps also depends on how well he does, not just on how much energy he forces into the surface. |
| 10. How does the example of LeBron James jumping to dunk a basketball illustrate Newton's Third Law of Motion? Use information from the passage to support your answer. | The example of Lebron James jumping to dunk a basketball illustrates Newton's Third Law of Motion because when he's jumping, he pushes down on the surface of the court which would be the "action" as Newton says. The "reaction" would be when the floor pushes back with an equal amt. of force. |
| The question we want to answer: How much do you have to push on any object to get it to deform (temporarily vs. permanently)? | Independent Variable - this is the variable to change each time you test Independent variable: The amount of force applied to material Dependent Variable - this is the variable to observe the effects caused by a change in the independent variable. Dependent variable: The amount of deformation Controlled Variables - these are variables to keep constant in each test. Controlled variables: Material, Size, Set up, Measurement, Time (force being applied), How you apply force (angle, location), Replace item, |
| How do you think the trends in your data will compare to groups that tested different beam thickness on a different material? | I think the trends in my data will compare to other groups with different materials and material thickness by having larger amounts of deformation. I think this because my group tested with one wooden stick while other groups tested with more than one styrofoam stick. Since the materials have different properties, there will be different results when force is applied to those objects. Additionally, it would also compare since everyone would have different resistent levels of their object. |
| How much do you have to push on any object to get it to deform (temporarily or permanently)? | - You have to push at least 1 Newton to get an object to deform temporarily. - You have to push a lot of force in order for an object with harder material to permanently deform. - You also have to apply any force on any object to get it to temporarily deform - even if you don't see the deformation. |
| All Solids | The type of material, the shape, and the thickness of an object all affect - * The amount of deformation * its elastic limit * and its breaking point |
| Force Interactions In each collision, what is doing the pushing and what is getting pushed? | In the golf ball and golf club video, the club is doing the pushing since it is moving and the golf ball is getting pushed since it is motionless. In the baseball and baseball bat video, both the ball and bat are doing the pushing since they are both moving against each other. Likewise, both objects are also getting pushed since after contact, they push away from being pushed from each other. |
| In every case, how does the strength of the forces on each object compare? | - In every case, the strength of the forces on each object compare because for EVERY test, there is the same amount of force on A and B. - When any object makes contact, each object applies a force on the other objects on the surface they touch. The strength of those forces are the same but in opposite direction. |
| How does changing the speed of a moving object before it collides with another object affect the forces on those objects during the collision? | Independent Variable: The speed of a moving object Dependent Variable: How much force is applied (the peak force) Controlled Variables: Size of object, type of object, the set up, location, which end the spring scale is touching, same materials, amt. of track in between objects, the same speed, mass of car. |
| Experimental Peak Force Data Table | Challenges: When cars recoiled, they hit the tape having the tie move and making it hard to record the force (DV). Sources of Error: One source of error could be the incorrect force reading due to the tape changing the position of the tie. Examine your data, what conclusion can you draw. Please record in that page. A conclusion I can draw is that the faster the speed (IV) the more force is applied for Car A and Car B. (DV). In other words, more speed - more force! |
| Progress Tracker (Mass/Speed) Question: How does changing the mass or speed of a moving object before it collides with another object affect the forces on those objects during the collision? | What I figured out: - I figured out that the more speed (underlined) added, the more (underlined) force was applied for both cars. - The more mass (underlined) added the more (underlined) force applied for both cars. - When the two metal rings collided they both changed shape. Yet, when one car had more mass, the other car went farther back. |
| Progress Tracker (Mass/Speed) | When any (underlined) two objects make contact, each object applies a force on the other objects on the surface they touch. The strength of these forces are the same but in opposite direction. This is true even when we change the speed or mass of the moving objects in the systems. Increases in speed or mass of a moving object can resut in an increase in the peak forces that are applied to both objects that made contact during collision. |
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