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| Question | Answer |
| Well-being | the state of being comfortable, healthy and happy (made up of physical, mental and social well-being) |
| Birth rate (aka crude birth rate) | the number of live births per thousand people, per year |
| Death rate | the number of deaths per thousand people, per year |
| Infant mortality rate | the ratio of the number of children that die within one year, per thousand live births |
| Literacy rate | % of people in the country aged 15+ who can read and write |
| Life expectancy | the number of years of life a person born today in that country is expected to live |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | the total dollar value of all goods and services produced in a particular country in one year |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | an indicator that measures three elements of human development: - health is measured by life expectancy at birth. - knowledge is measured by the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary enrolments. - standard of living is measured by GDP per capita. |
| Less economically developed countries (LEDC) | aka "developing countries", usually with low wealth and low living standards (e.g. high birth rates, high death rates, low literacy rates) Examples: Most of central Africa, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Cambodia |
| More economically developed countries(MEDC) | aka "developed countries", usually with high wealth and high living standards (e.g. high GDP, low infant mortality rates, high life expectancy) Examples: Australia, USA, UK, Scandinavian countries |
| Disease of affluence | a disease that occurs mainly in wealthy, developed countries due to poor diet, inactivity and overconsumption (e.g. USA, Australia, Canada) Examples: obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease |
| Disease of poverty | a disease that occurs mainly in poor, developing countries due to lack of healthcare, sanitation and education (e.g. Sierra Leone, Bangladesh, Ghana) Examples: measles, malaria, tuberculosis |
| Incidence | the number of new cases of a disease diagnosed in one year |
| Prevalence | the total number of cases of a disease diagnosed |
| Mortality rate | the number of deaths caused by a disease (usually measured over a year) e.g. in 2013, an estimated 584,000 people died of malaria |
| Morbidity rate | a measure of how frequently a disease occurs in a population (including those people who survive the disease) e.g. the morbidity rate of malaria for children is higher than for adults |
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