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| Question | Answer |
| Re absorption | The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the blood capillaries located around the tubules |
| What are the substances the kidney reabsorbes | Water, Glucose, Sodium, Ions, and other nutrients |
| Peritubular Capillaries are? | Blood capillaries located around the tubules |
| Active and Passive transport take part in what? | Re absorption |
| Re-absorption begins in what tubule? | proximal convoluted tubules |
| What are the steps for re absorption in the nephron? | 1. Starts in the proximal convoluted tubule 2. Continues to the nephron loop 3. Then to the distal convoluted tubule 4. Finally to the collecting tubules |
| What membrane is in direct contact with the glomerular fluid passing through the tubule? | Luminal Membrane |
| How many barriers must the nutrients absorbed by the glomerular filtrate pass through? | Three |
| What are the names of the three barriers the nutrients have to pass through from the glomerular filtrate to the blood? | 1. Luminal Membrane 2. Plasma Membrane 3. Endothelial Lining |
| Passive mechanisms include what? | Osmosis |
| Osmosis is important because it does what in the nephron? | Helps re absorb water and chloride ions |
| Does the renal tubules absorb water? | Yes |
| The majority of the 180 liters of water is reabsorbed through what process? | Osmosis from the proximal tubules |
| Why do chloride ions passively move into the blood? | Because they carry a negative electrical charge |
| What do positively charged sodium ions that have been absorbed into the body do to negatively charged chloride ions? | It "attracts" the negatively charged chloride atoms from the tubule fluid INTO the peritubular cappilaries |
| What nutrient is ACTIVELY transported, coupled with sodium, FROM the proximal tubules INTO the peritubular capillary blood? | Glucose |
| What is the Renal Threshold? | When the amount of glucose in the tubular fluid increases above a certain level |
| Glucose in the urine is called? | glycosuria |
| Glycosuria is a sign of what? | Diabetes Mellitus |
| The GREATER the amount of sodium intake? | the LESS the amount re absorbed and the GREATER the amount excreted in the urine |
| The LESS sodium intake? | The GREATER the re absorption from the kidney tubules and LESS excretd in the urine |
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