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Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Gray5800, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Gray5800
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 2 types of police? | Neighborhood- Community Support Reactive- Respond to 999 calls |
| What type of policing is referred to as plastic policing? | Neighborhood |
| what are the 3 types of relationships between society and the police? | Consensual Conflict late modern |
| What theory is linked with the consensual approach? | Functionalist |
| Consensual approach | Police have close relationship with area Police respect interests of the law abiding people offices are drawn from the community Reacts to needs of community |
| what is a problem with the consensual approach? | Criminals are not always caught |
| what theories link with the conflict approach? | Marxist & Feminist |
| Conflict Approach | Working class and ethnic minorities are targeted by the police most police offices & high ranking offices are male impose law & order that reflect the needs of the more powerful groups |
| Conflict Approach- REINER | People stopped & searched/ held by the police are mainly young, unemployed males from ethnic minority groups |
| Problem with the conflict approach? | In some cases middle classed get arrested for things such as fraud |
| what theory links with the late modern approach? | Post modern |
| Late modern approach | shift towards neighborhood policing represents an extension of control over the population as the police are integrating themselves in the community |
| criticisms of the late modern approach | More opt to the role of the police Neighborhood police don't have much power |
| FUNCTIONALISM Key information | Crime is beneficial for society & without it society would fail |
| FUNCTIONALISM Collective conscience | Agreed set of norms and values society agrees to |
| FUNCTIONALISM Anome | Breakdown of norms and values |
| FUNCTIONALISM link to other theories | Marx- doesn't look at class or white collar crime |
| FUNCTIONALISM 6 positive functions of deviance | Marks extremes of behavior Publicity function Reflects wishes of population Strengthens bonds Provide safety value Warning device |
| FUNCTIONALISM What is meant when crime is described as a warning device? | You can see whats not working in society |
| FUNCTIONALISM Merton's Strain theory | Deviance occurs in society when members are unable to meet society's set goals |
| FUNCTIONALISM What are the 5 types of strain? | Conformist Innovator Ritualist Retreatist Rebel |
| FUNCTIONALISM What is a confomist? | Most common Teachers People who have gone through education |
| FUNCTIONALISM What is an innivatior? | Drug dealers People who create their own means to achieve societies set goals |
| FUNCTIONALISM What is a ritualist? | Low paid workers |
| FUNCTIONALISM What is retreatist? | Alcohol/ Drugs People who haven't done societies set means and cannot achieve set goals so retreat into their own world |
| FUNCTIONALISM What is a rebel? | Terrorists/ Freedom fighters people who don't agree with society so create own means and goals |
| FUNCTIONALISM Why doesn't the ritualist turn to crime? | Socialized not to |
| FUNCTIONALISM Strengths of strain theory | Provides theoretical reason to explain why people conform & deviate outlines an number of potential deviance |
| FUNCTIONALISM weakness of strain theory | Ignores power struggle in society |
| FUNCTIONALISM Hirschi's Bonds of attachment | Humans are rational and will only turn to crime when the advantages outweigh the disadvantages People attach themselves to society |
| FUNCTIONALISM what are the 4 bonds of attachment? | commitment Involvement Attachment Belief |
| MARXISM Carcinogenic | An unequal society that pushes people to commit crime |
| MARXISM how much do middle class crimes cost the government? | £14 billion a year |
| MARXISM what 2 factors lead to status frustration and sometimes crimes of power such as domestic violence and rape? | low income low status work |
| MARXISM capitalism causes inequality in... | wealth income poverty unemployment homelessness |
| MARXISM Why do working classes commit crime? | statistics ignore upper class crime working class socialized into not being afraid of breaking the law breakdown of working class areas working class have no money lack of power that working class have |
| MARXISM Non decision making | happens in the creation of laws- many human needs ignored in the favor of working classes |
| MARXISM CHAMBLISS | Argues that the increased importance of business & trade led to vast numbers of laws being passed to protect the interests of the upper class |
| MARXISM What is the problem with CHAMBLISS' theory? | Purely theoretical |
| MARXISM White collar crime | crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation |
| MARXISM Examples of white collar crime | Fraud Insider dealing Tax evasion |
| MARXISM How many deaths are caused by employer negligence? | 2/3 |
| MARXISM Why do white collar crimes go undetected? | low visibility complexity diffusion of responsibility diffusion of victimization |
| MARXISM why is white collar crime seen as a problem? | not feared by public offences are invisible indirect offences difficult to see where blame lies complex- not fully understood |
| INTERACTIONIST | deviant actions are those, which are defined as deviant |
| INTERACTIONIST Deviance is... | socially constructed |
| INTERACTIONIST Master Status | once a label has been applied all other actions are interpreted in the light of the label |
| INTERACTIONIST Self- Fulfilling prophecy | when a person starts to act like the label they have been given |
| INTERACTIONIST Looking glass self- COOLEY | we build our identity as a result of how others act and respond to us |
| INTERACTIONIST Projective labeling | using a deviants identity to project a future action |
| INTERACTIONIST Becker labelling theory | if an audience decides that a certain act is deviant segregation occurs Segregation creates 'outsiders' outcast from society labeling leads to a self fulfilling prophecy |
| INTERACTIONIST Moral Entrepreneurs | Police |
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