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Description
Flashcards by R.E. Bij, van der, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by R.E. Bij, van der
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Arboretum: A place where a collection of trees or other woody plants are arranged as botanical specimens for scientific study, educational instruction, and ornamental display. | |
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Prieel (binary/octet-stream)
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Arbour: A garden shelter or bower, often in curving arch form. |
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Alcove (binary/octet-stream)
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Alcove: An alcove is a recess in a wall or hedge, often curved and often used to house a sculpture, a seat or a fountain. |
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Allee: A tree or hedge bordered wall, usually of gravel or grass with perspective-reinforcing side elements such as pallisades, parterres de broiderie, closely spaced trees, or compartments of lawn. |
| Allotment garden: A plot of land rented by an individual for growing vegetables or flowers. Is like a kitchen garden (which is only for produce) also potager | |
| Automata: Mechanical figures, birds and animals which performed according to clockwork or wind or water power (Italian Renaissance, Antiquity, France) | |
| Avenue: A tree-lined approach to a mansion or other important structure that is sufficiently wide to accommodate carriages. | |
| Belvedere: A structure, usually elevated, designed for observing the surrounding landscape. | |
| Berceau: An arched trellis for climbing plants similar to a pergola, also closely planted trees trained to form an arched foliage-covered walk-way. | |
| Bosco: Wooded grove within a garden. Production forest, intersected by straight or winding paths. | |
| Botanical garden: A garden used for research into the relationships between plants - often associated with a university or professional botanical organization. The plants in botanic gardens are arranged either taxonomically, by geographical area or by habitat. | |
| Boulevard: A French term that has been appropriated into English, signifying a landscaped roadway designed for promenading as well as for vehicular traffic. | |
| Bowling greens: Bowling greens have featured in gardens since the middle ages. Intende to be functional, some remaik today as a purely decorative level lawns. | |
| Buffet d'eau: A garden fountain shapes as a stepped table, with the water falling into a basin. | |
| Carpet bedding: The arrangement of low-growing foliage plants of the same height in intricate carpet like patterns of contrasting leaf color or floral hue. (annual planting) | |
| Cascade: (Small) waterfall in a garden (either natural or artificial) | |
| Casino/a: Small pavilion or lodge on the grounds of an Italian villa garden. Usually casino denotes a summerhouse for dining and refreshment some distance from the principal villa residence; but in cases where a villa might be used simply for a day sojourn, it signifies the pleasure pavilion that serves as its principal architectural structure. | |
| Chinoiserie: The European evocation of Chinese architecture and decorative arts that, when the rococo style was at its height and pagoda’s, ”Chinese” bridges, and tea pavilions became popular features in Western gardens. | |
| Conservatory: A building with heat and ample natural daylight, for the indoor protection and conservation of tender plants in the winter: a greenhouse or glasshouse. also came to denote a glass-covered extension of a house, accessible from a principal room, where exotic plants are displayed. | |
| Drive: A route around but within a park, intended originally for horse-drawn carriages. | |
| Espalier: A fruit tree is placed against a wall or other structure and trained, through pruning and manipulation of its branches, to grow in a fat plane, usually in a symmetrical fashion | |
| Exedra: A semicircular bench with a high back, for placement in the landscape; also, in classical architecture, a semicircular portico with seats, which was used in Greek-, Roman-, and Renaissance times as a place for discussions; an apselike space formed by curving hedges in a garden. | |
| Eyecatcher: An oranamental garden building or large statue to direct the gaze, typically at the end of an allee or at the top of the hill | |
| Fermee ornée: The arrangement of agricultural estates as aesthetically pleasing compositions in which, typically, the hedgerows separating fields were enhanced with shrubs, vines, and flowers an occasional monument was placed in a manner calculated to provoke poetic association, and a circuit drive laid out to enable movement through the landscape. | |
| Folly: A garden structure intended as an evocation of past cultures or faraway places. Folies, which can be likened to theatrical scenery, were sometimes used to camouflage useful buildings, such as dairies, barns, or icehouses, but they often served no utilitarian purpose at all. They are usually associated with the jardin anglais and with the jardin anglo-chinois. | |
| Formal garden: The term formal is applied to gardens which emphasize straight lines, right angles and circles. | |
| Genius Loci: Can be defined as 'the spirit of the place'. Alexander Pope said she must be 'consulted' in the course of making a design. 'Consult the genius of the place' is one of the most widely-supported principles in garden and landscape design. | |
| Giocchi d'aqua: | |
| Glade: Clearing in a wood | |
| Gloriette: A pavillopm away from the house which could be used a a summerhouse or lookout. | |
| Grafting | "Enten" The inserting of a small part of a plant (scion) into a full plant (rootstock). |
| Grand Canal: Canal located in the extension of the symmetrical axis of the house | |
| Grotto: 1. A natural cave, which has acquired human significance because of the spiritual forces presumed to inhabit it; 2. also an artificial version of a cave, usually rustic in character and often containing water and sometimes sculptural representations of its presiding spirits. Grottoes that are identified with nymphs are often called nymphaeums. | |
| Grove: A group of trees forming shaded avenues or walks. The bosco and the wilderness are types of grove. | |
| Ha-ha: A fairly deep boundery ditch, invisible from a few feet away and serving the purpose of a fence separating the garden from the fields where cattle graze. | |
| Hameau: In eighteenth-century French pitoresque garden design a hameau is a pretend-village, a group of farmlike buildings conceived as a piquant complement to the landscape and a means whereby aristocrats could make believe that they were rustics. | |
| Herber: (medieval) A pleasure ground. (enclosed) | |
| Hermitage: A rustic garden structure built to resemble a rude hut such as might be inhabited by a hermit. | |
| Hortus conclusus: Enclosed, or walled, garden with religous symbolic | |
| Knot garden: A compartmentalized garden in which box or other low-growing compact shrubs or herbs such as rosemary, lavender, or thyme are planted in intricate designs resembling a looped and knotted rope, while the interstices are filled with colored gravel or ground-hugging flowers. They were called 'knot' gardens because the patterns were based on the type of knot pattern seen in carpets . | |
| Labyrinth: A labyrinth has one path that leads windingly to the center. Labyrinths are used for reflection, they symbolize the path of life of man. (also: maze) | |
| Limonaia: Within an Italian garden, a walled garden filled with potted lemon trees. | |
| Locus amoenus: Pleasant and delightful place; used in antiquity and the Renaissance to signify a rural or garden retreat of distinctive beauty. (often idealized) | |
| Loggia: An open-sided covered arcade or gallery, usually attached to a building at ground-or upper-story level. | |
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Mount: Artificial hill in a garden |
| Naumachia: A Renaissance garden feature consisting of a flooded basin designed to function as a theater where mock naval battles were held. | |
| Nymphaeum: A cave or cave like structure dedicated to nymphs and often containing fountains or other water features. A Nymphaeum is a place for nymphs. A nymph was a semi-divine maiden. They were believed to like water, caves, rivers and fountains. | |
| Orangerie: A building designed with tall arched windows for admitting maximum sunlight and used for the winter protection of orange trees and other tender plants grown in boxes or tubs and placed in the garden in warm weather. | |
| Palissade: A row of trees clipped to form a large ornamental hedge, used is 17th century French gardens to line allees. | |
| Parterre: Ground plane composed of patterned garden beds. Compartmentalized and geometrical in the Renaissance following Italian example, parterres in France evolved into parterres de broderie in the seventeenth century. A level space, usually rectangular and on a terrace near a house, laid out in decorative pattern using plants and gravels. | |
| Parterre a l'angloise: Decorative patterns cut out in turf. (plats, gazon coupee) aka plats | |
| Paterre de broderie: An embroidery-like ground-plane design in gravel and herbs, boxwood, or clipped grass, featuring decorative scrolls, palmetto’s, and arabesques, often with the addition of a monogram. | |
| Parterre de compartiments: Parterre with a double symmetrical pattern. | |
| Patio: Patio is a Spanish word for an arcaded or colonnaded courtyard. It is now applied to any small paved area in a garden. | |
| Patte d'oie: Three avenues radiating in the form of a goose-foot from a central point. | |
| Perennial: | A plant that lives for many years; the term is frequently use in association with herbaceous plants that die back to a rootstock every winter. |
| Pergola: An open structure consisting of uprights and connecting joist or arches intended to support climbing plants, thereby creating a foliage-covered walkway similar to berceau. | |
| Pinetum: An arboretum of specimen pines and other coniferous evergreen trees. | |
| Plate-bande: In 17th century French gardens, a strip-shaped flowerbed; in later use, a strip of grass. | |
| Pleasance: (medieval) a pleasure ground attached to a castle or mansion, usually outside the fortifications. Pleasure garden: 1. Any garden or pleasure-ground for relaxation. 2. In eighteenth-century England, a commercial establishment consisting of grounds with walks and groves of trees and offering food, drink, and music | |
| Quincunx: Planting of trees, like five dots on a dice. This causes straight and diagonal views between the trees. When the quincunx form is thus used repetitively in the planting of a bosk, the resulting quincunx of trees appears as multiple rows set on a running diagonal when viewed at a 45-degree angle; read from a straight-on position, the rows assume a staggered pattern. | |
| Rill: a channel of flowing water | |
| Rocaille: Artistically rustic rockwork used to fashion grottoes and other rude-seeming garden structures. | |
| Rond-point A circular area where a number of allées meet. Originally a clearing in the woods where converging paths brought huntsman to a meeting place, the rond-point became prevalent in garden and urban design following its use by André le Nôtre in the seventeenth century. | |
| Rosarium: Rose garden designed and laid out in regular pattern. | |
| Taxonomy: | The scientific study of classifying and naming plants |
| Topiary: Topiary describes a shape made by clipping plants. The practice was popular in Roman gardens and revived with the renaissance. | |
| Treillage: A piece of garden architecture composed of open latticework trellises used to support vines and train plants to assume a desired form. | |
| Trellis: A structure of open latticework for supporting vines, often in the form of an arbor or arch. | |
| Turf seat: A permanent structures constructed like a raised bed. The sides could be made of wattle fencing, wooden planks, stone or later brick. Soil would be poured into the container and turf with wild flowers could be grown on top. aka reposoir | |
| Windbreak: Row of trees surrounding a plot as protection against wind. | |
| Winter garden: A Winter Garden can be either (1) an outdoor area used for winter-flowering plants, or, (2) a conservatory. | |
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Wilderness garden: A wooded garden feature developed in England in the seventeenth century as a localized version of the contemporary French bosquet. Wilderness paths, which were originally straight allées arranged according to geometrical plan, evolved from formal labyrinths into meandering byways as eighteenth-century designers attempted to induce in visitors within these secluded garden retreats greater sensations of adventure and surprise. |
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