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Description
Flashcards by wade.barrett777, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by wade.barrett777
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Types of helminths | Nematodes Platyhelminths |
| Fancy word for worms | Helminths |
| Platyhelminthes | Flatworms: 1) Trematodes (Flukes) 2) Cestodes (Tapeworms) |
| Most anthelmintics are | selectively toxic |
| Nematodes | Round worms |
| Levamisole | Good oral absorption Excitatory Causes spastic paralysis of worms Worms are expelled in the faeces as a result |
| Ivermectin | Enhance GABA Causes flaccid paralysis of worms Effective against most nematodes |
| Piperazine | GABA agonist Causes flaccid paralysis of worms |
| Platyhelminthes lack | GABA nerves |
| Praziquantel | Increases Ca influx in worms Causes spastic paralysis Worms are detached as a result Effective against platyhelminthes |
| Mebendazole | Bind to beta-tubulin of nematodes Transport of secretory granules and other organelles is inhibited as a result |
| Drugs used to treat systemic helminthic infections | Diethylcarbamazine Ivermectin |
| Filariasis | systemic helminthic infection |
| Types of intestinal nematodes | Hookworm Threadworm Whipworm Roundworm Strongyloides |
| Drug of choice for schistosoma infections | Praziquantel |
| Drugs effective against roundworms | Mebendazole Levamisole Piperazine |
| Possible side effects of Piperazine | Vomiting Diarrhea |
| Roundworms usually: | Infect gut lumen 10 - 30 cm long |
| Hookworm | 1 cm long Infect gut by: Ancylostoma duodenale OR Necator americanus Common cause of Iron-deficiency anemia |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | Common roundworm |
| Treat Hookworm | Mebendazole |
| Treat Strongyloides | Tiabendazole Albendazole Ivermectin |
| Another name for Threadworm | Pinworm |
| Example of a Threadworm | Enterobius vermicularis |
| Threadworm infection is | Common in children Can cause pruritus ani (Itchy bottom) |
| Treatment against threadworm | Mebendazole Whole family is usually treated |
| Filarial infection | Transmitted by blood-sucking worm insects |
| Lymphatic filiariasis | Caused by: Brugia timori, Brugia malayi, OR Wuchereria bancrofti Transmitted by mosquitoes |
| Treat against filiarial infections | Ivermectin OR Diethylcarbamazine |
| Schistosoma infections | Bladder & urinary tract (S. haematobium) Intestine (S. mansoni OR S. japonicum) |
| Tapeworm infection | Undercooked, infected: i) Beef (Taenia. saginita) ii) Pork (Taenia. solium) Uncooked, infected fish: Diphyllobrothium latum |
| Treat against tapeworm | Niclosamide |
| Pyrantel pamoate | Causes spastic paralysis by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase Treat against nematodes |
| Treat against Taenia solium | Albendazole |
| Thiabendazole | Decreases ATP production Decreased glucose uptake as a result |
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