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Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the functions of skin? (5) | 1. Protection (thermal, mechanical, chemical, barrier to infection, UV) 2. Prevent dessication 3. Sensation 4. Metabolic (store fat+synthesis Vit D) 5. Excretion through sweat |
| Meissner's Corpusucles provides ... touch sensation and are located .... as ....(structure) What about Pacinian Corpusucles? | 1. Light, dermal papillae, spindles 3. Pressure/coarse touch, deep in dermis, onion |
| What is the major cell type in the epidermis? | Keratinocytes |
| What are the 4 layers of the epidermis from the top? | 1. Stratum Corneum (cornified layer) 2. Stratum Granulosum (granular layer) 3. Stratum Spinosum (prickle cell layer) 4. Stratum Basale (Basal layer) |
| What are cells in the Stratum Corneum like? What are they linked by? | - dead (no nucleus/organelles) - keratin filaments with disulfide bridges - flattened - Desmosomes |
| What are cells in the Stratum Corneum like? | - starting to flatten, becoming squamous - Keratohyaline granules appear that contribute to matrix |
| What are cells in the Stratum Spinosum like? | - keratinocytes are bigger than basal layer - Langerhans cells - spot desmosomes |
| What are cells in the Stratum Basale like? What connects them to the basal lamina? What is this the site of? | - Cuboidal/columnar - Melanocytes - Hemidesmosomes - Cell differentiation from stem cells |
| Where are melanocytes found, and what do they do? How? | - Found in the basal layer - Secrete melanin 1. Tyrosine in melanocytes bud from melanocytes 2. Endocytosed by keratinocytes |
| What is melanoma? | Tumour of melanocytes |
| What is human vitiligo? | Autoimmune condition wherein body makes antibodies to destroy melanocytes |
| Which cells play a Marcophage like role in the skin, and where are they found? | Langerhans cells Upper part of Stratum Spinosum |
| What do Merkel cells do, and where are they found? | They express different keratins to keratinocytes/may be touch sensation Found in Stratum Basale |
| Where is the dermal papillae found? | In between the epidermis and the dermis Identified by characteristic folds |
| Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels/nerves/ shunts, with parallel collagen fibers? | Dermis layer |
| What are the two layers of the dermis? | 1. Papillary layer - thinner, more regular collagen, more fibroblast 2. Reticular layer - thicker, more irregular collagen fibers, more elastin |
| What layer of the skin has loose connective tissue, adipocytes, and allows for the mobility of the skin? How is it anchored to the deep fascia? | Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Fibrous bands (collagen) anchor it |
| Merocrine sweat glands are a downgrowth from the ... and release sweat via ... They are important in.... They are innervated by .... The two sections are ... and .... | 1. Epidermis, exocytosis 2. Thermoregulation 3. SNS 4. Secretory portion (junction of dermis/hypodermis) and excretory duct (through epidermis) |
| How is hypotonic sweat produced? | 1. Secretory portion secretes isotonic fluid 2. Excretory duct absorbs NaCl to create hypotonic fluid |
| How do apocrine sweat glands release sweat? Where are they found? What do they secrete? | 1. Tips of cells bud off as vesicles 2. Armpit/genital regions, discharge into hair follicles 3. Sticky milky fluid that smells because of bacteria |
| What are the four layers of concentric rings in a hair follicle? | 1. Medulla - lightly keratinised, large cells 2. Cortex (in middle) - very heavily keratinised scales 3. Inner root sheath - degenerates at level of sebaceous glands to form a space into which sebum is discharged 4. Outer roots sheath - continuous with epidermis and contains reservoir of stem cells (very light) |
| Why are keratinocytes in the hair follicle unique? | Follow different pathways of differentiation |
| What directs hair formation? Can it regenerate? | Hair Papilla No regeneration |
| Hair growth in: 1) Scalp - Growth phase (....) - Quiescence (....) 2) Body Hair - Growth phase (...) - Quiescence (...) | 1. years, 3 months 2. months, years |
| What bundle of SM raises hairs? | Arrector Pili muscles |
| What do sebacenous glands secrete? Where do they secrete into? What is the mechanism of secretion? | Sebum- a lipid rich liquid to maintain supple skin Middle part of hair follicle Holocrine secretion (cells disintegrate completely) |
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